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Module N° 5 – ALoS related to an SSP

Revision N° 5. ICAO State Safety Programme (SSP) Implementation Course. 25/02/10. Module N° 5 – ALoS related to an SSP. SSP – A structured approach. Module 8 SSP implementation plan. Module 7 SSP training programme. Module 4 ICAO SSP framework. Module 5 ALoS related to an SSP.

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Module N° 5 – ALoS related to an SSP

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  1. Revision N° 5 ICAO State Safety Programme (SSP) Implementation Course 25/02/10 Module N° 5 – ALoS related to an SSP

  2. SSP – A structured approach Module 8 SSP implementation plan Module 7 SSP training programme Module 4 ICAO SSP framework • Module 5 • ALoS related to an SSP Module 5 ALoS related to an SSP Module 6 Prescription / Performance Module 2 Basic safety management concepts Module 3 ICAO SARPs related to safety management Module 1Introduction to the SSP implementation course

  3. Objective • At the end of this module, participants will be able to describe the concepts and dimensions underlying the acceptable level of safety (ALoS) related to an SSP

  4. Contents • Introductory concepts • Acceptable level of safety (ALoS) • ALoS related to an SSP • Summary • Questions and answers • Points to remember

  5. Introductory concepts • The development and implementation of ALoS builds upon certain basic concepts of systems theory • There is a hierarchy underlying the progression of these basic concepts towards the development and implementation of ALoS • Understanding of the concepts and hierarchy is an essential foundation for the development and implementation of ALoS and the SSP

  6. Introductory concepts – The basic theory • Safety – as defined by Doc 9859 • Level of safety – degree of safety of a system, representing the quality of the system, safety-wise, expressed through safety indicators • Safety indicators – parameters that characterize and/or typify the level of safety of the system • Value of safety indicators – quantification of a safety indicator • Safety targets – concrete objectives to be achieved • Value of safety targets – quantification of a safety target • Acceptable level of safety – minimum degree of safety that must be assured by a system in actual practice

  7. Introductory concepts – Selection of safety indicators • The selection of appropriate safety indicators is an essential foundation for the development and implementation of ALoS • The selection of safety indicators is a function of the detail to which the level of safety of the system is to be represented • Meaningful safety indicators must be representative of the elements that characterise system safety

  8. Introductory concepts – The basic theory: examples • Safety indicators • Fatal airline accidents/serious incidents • Runway excursion events/ground collision events • Development/absence of primary aviation legislation • Development/absence of operating regulations • Level of regulatory compliance • … • Safety targets • Reduction in fatal airline accident/serious incidents • Maintain the number in runway excursion events/ground collision events • Improve the actual level of regulatory compliance • …

  9. Introductory concepts – The basic theory: examples Value of safety targets • [Reduce / maintainby / maximum]fatal airline accidents per [number] operations • [Reduce / maintain by / maximum] runway excursion events per [number] operations • [Reduce / maintain by / maximum] ground collision events per [number] operations • [Minimum number]of inspections completed [timeframe]… Value of safety indicators • [Rate/number]Fatal airline accidents per [number] operations • [Rate/number] Runway excursion events per[number] operations • [Rate/number]Ground collision events per [number] operations • [Number]inspections to operators completed [timeframe] ...

  10. Introductory concepts – A fundamental differentiation • Safety measurement (strategic) • Generally associated to the SSP • Quantification of outcomes of selected high-level or high-consequence events • Accident rates • Serious incident rates • Quantification of selected high-level State functions • Development/absence of primary aviation legislation • Development/absence of operating regulations • Level of regulatory compliance • A measure of achievement of high-level safety objectives of safety interventions and/or mitigations strategies

  11. Introductory concepts – A fundamental differentiation • Safety performance measurement (tactical) • Generally associated to an SMS • Quantification of the outcomes of selected low-level, low- consequence processes • Number of FOD events per number of ramp operations • Number of ground vehicle events in taxiways per number of airport operations • … • A measure of the actual performance of safety interventions and/or mitigation strategies, beyond accident rates and regulatory compliance

  12. Introductory concepts – A fundamental differentiation • Safety measurement • Not a continuous process • A spot check • Conducted following pre-specified timeframes • Safety performance measurement • Continuous process • Monitoring and measurement of selected operational activities necessary for the provision of services

  13. Basic safety management SARPs • The acceptable level of safety (ALoS) to be achieved shall be established by the State • When establishing ALoS, consideration must be given to • the level of safety risk that applies • the safety risk tolerance • the cost/benefits of improvements to the aviation system • the public expectations in civil aviation system

  14. Expressing the ALoS • Values of safety indicators and values of safety targets • Initial ALoS – Quantitative action statements on selected high level/high consequence outcomes (safety measurement) • Mature ALoS – Quantitative action statements on selected high level/high consequence events (safety measurement) and low level/low consequence outcomes (safety performance measurement)

  15. Examples of values of safety indicators and safety targets based on safety measurement Values of safety indicators [Number]CFIT and approach & landing accidents per [number] departures [Number]runway excursions per [number] operations [Number]ground collision accidents per year on a[x-year] rolling average [Number]of high-severity events captured through the State MOR yearly [Number]inspections to operators completed quarterly [Number]AIS facilities with QMS implemented Electronic filing of differences completed within [number]months/weeks Values of safety targets [Reduce by/maximum]CFIT and approach & landing accidents per [number]departures [Reduce by/maximum]runway excursions per [number]operations [Reduce by/maximum]ground collision accidents per year on a [x-year]rolling average [Minimumnumber]of high-severity events captured through the State MOR yearly [Minimum number]inspections to operators completed quarterly [Number]AIS facilities with QMS implemented by[time] Electronic filing of differences completed within [revised number]months/weeks

  16. ALoS – Mature SSP • In the longer-term, once States develop safety data collection and analysis capabilities under the Safety Assurance component of the SSP, ALoS should reflect a combination of • safety measurement • safety performance measurement

  17. Examples of values of safety indicators and targets based on safety performance measurement Values of safety indicators • [Number]level busts per [number] operations • [Number]Cat B and C runway incursions in 5 international [State] airports per [number] operations • [Number] TCAS/airprox events per [number] operations • [Number] non-conforming approaches (NCA) at 5 international [State] airports per [number] operations • [Number] apron FOD events at 5 international [State] airports per [number] operations Values of safety targets [Reduce by/maximum] number of level busts per [number] operations by [date] [Reduce by/maximum]Cat B and C runway incursions in 5 international [State] airports by [date] [Reduce by/maximum]number of TCAS/airprox events per [number] operations by [date] [Reduce by/maximum] number of non-conforming approaches (NCA) at 5 international [State] airports by [date] [Reduce by/maximum] the number of apron FOD events at 5 international [State] airports by [date]

  18. Delivering ALoS – Safety action plans • Tools and means to deliver the safety targets of an SSP • Regulations • Training • Technology Technology Regulations Training

  19. Today State Civil Aviation Authority Service providers SMS State Civil Aviation Authority Airport N° 1 • Safety measurement • Capture • Storage Airport N° 2 Airport N° 3

  20. Initial ALoS State Safety Programme Service providers SMS State Civil Aviation Authority Airport N° 1 SMS • Safety measurement • Capture • Storage • Process • Analysis Airport N° 2 SMS Initial ALoS Airport N° 3

  21. Initial ALoS State Safety Programme Service providers SMS Exchange of protected safety data State Civil Aviation Authority Airport N° 1 SMS • Protected safety data • Capture • Storage • Process • Analysis SDCPS Airport N° 2 SMS Initial ALoS Airport N° 3

  22. Mature ALoS State Safety Programme Service providers Exchange of protected safety data SMS Exchange of protected safety data State Civil Aviation Authority Airport N° 1 SMS • Protected safety data • Capture • Storage • Process • Analysis Exchange of protected safety data SDCPS Airport N° 2 SMS Mature ALoS Airport N° 3

  23. ALoS – Legal considerations • Establishing ALoS related to an SSP • does not replace legal, regulatory, or other already established requirements, but it must support compliance with them • leaves unaffected the obligations of States, and does not relieve States from compliance with SARPs

  24. ALoS – Initial (Safety measurement) Values of safety targets • [Reduce by/maximum]CFIT and approach and landing accidents per [number]departures • [Minimum number] inspections to operators completed quarterly • ... Action plans CFIT training packagedistributed to industry and supported by training courses Revision and if necessary update of hiring policy. Inspection manual updated ... Values of safety indicators [Number] CFIT and approach and landing accidents per [number]departures [Number]inspection to operators completed quarterly ... State Shall comply with all applicable international standards

  25. ALoS – Mature (Safety performance measurement) Values of safety targets [Reduce by/maximum] Unstabilized approaches (NCA) at 5 international airports per [number] arrivals by [date] [Reduce by/maximum] Cat B and C runway incursions in 5 international [State] airports per [number]by [date] … Action plans Continuous Descend Operations (CDO) procedures implemented – Arrival procedures charts designed for stabilized approaches Installation of ASDE/X in 5 international [State] airports …. Values of safety indicators [Number]non-conforming approaches (NCA) at 5 international airports [State] per [number]operations [Number] of Cat B and C runway incursions in 5 international airports [State] per [number]operations … State Shall comply with all applicable international standards

  26. Transition from initial to mature ALoS Timeline • Mature ALoS • (Safety measurement and safety performance measurement) • Quantification of outcomes of selected high-level/high-consequence events • Quantification of selected high-level State functions • Quantification of outcomes of selected low-level/low-consequence events • State safety assurance • Safety oversight • Safety data collection, analysis and exchange • Safety data driven targeting of oversight on areas of greater concern or need • Initial ALoS • (Safety measurement) • Quantification of outcomes of selected high-level/high-consequence events • Quantification of selected high-level State functions

  27. Summary State accepts and oversees individual service providers’ SMS Training organization Aircraft operator N° 1 ATS Service provider Aerodrome operator AMO SMS SMS SMS SMS SMS Set of activities Safety performance Safety performance Safety performance Safety performance Safety performance SSP (ALoS) STATE State agrees and supervises individual service provider’s SMS safety performance Safety performance Safety performance Safety performance Safety performance Safety performance Set of activities SMS SMS SMS SMS SMS Training organization Aircraft operator N° 2 Aerodrome operator ATS Service provider AMO State accepts and oversees individual service providers’ SMS

  28. ALoS related to an SSP Questions and answers

  29. Questions and answers • Q: Explain the fundamental differentiation between safety measurement and safety performance measurement? • A: ? Slide number:

  30. Questions and answers • Q: What are the tools and means to deliver the safety targets of an SSP? • A: ? Slide number:

  31. Points to remember • The basic systems safety theory • Safety measurement and safety performance measurement • Initial and mature ALoS • ALoS does not replace legal, regulatory, or other already established requirements

  32. Module N° 5 ALoS related to an SSP

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