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Understanding IPv6 Addressing & Subnetting Part 2

Understanding IPv6 Addressing & Subnetting Part 2. Agenda. Structure of Global Unicast IPv6 Address Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule Global Routing Prefix Sizes Subnetting IPv6 Let’s configure Modified EUI-64.

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Understanding IPv6 Addressing & Subnetting Part 2

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  1. Understanding IPv6 Addressing & Subnetting Part 2

  2. Agenda Structure of Global Unicast IPv6 Address Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule Global Routing Prefix Sizes Subnetting IPv6 Let’s configure Modified EUI-64

  3. IPv6 Address Types: Starting with Global Unicast IPv6 Addressing Unicast Multicast Anycast Assigned Solicited Node FF00::/8 FF02::1:FF00:0000/104 Embedded IPv4 Unspecified Unique Local Global Unicast Link-Local Loopback FC00::/7 FDFF::/7 2000::/3 3FFF::/3 ::1/128 ::/128 ::/80 FE80::/10 FEBF::/10 Note: There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6

  4. Structure of a Global Unicast Address m bits n bits 128-n-m bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID • Globalunicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses.

  5. Structure of a Global Unicast Address m bits n bits 128-n-m bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID • Globalunicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses. • Routable • Unique

  6. Structure of a Global Unicast Address m bits n bits 128-n-m bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID Range 2000::/3 to 3FFF::/3 (4th bit can be a 0 or a 1) 001 • Globalunicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses. • Routable • Unique

  7. Structure of a Global Unicast Address m bits n bits 128-n-m bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID Range 2000::/3 to 3FFF::/3 (4th bit can be a 0 or a 1) 001 IANA’s allocation of IPv6 address space in 1/8th sections • Globalunicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses. • Routable • Unique

  8. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits

  9. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address /? Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits

  10. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address /? Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits IPv6 Global Unicast Address Interface ID Global Routing Prefix 128 bits

  11. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address /? Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits IPv6 Global Unicast Address /64 Interface ID Global Routing Prefix 128 bits * 64-bit Interface ID gives us 18 quintillion (18,446,744,073,709,551,616) devices/subnet. * Supports 48bit and 64-bit MAC addresses as the Interface ID (coming).

  12. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address /? Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits IPv6 Global Unicast Address /48 /64 Fixed 16-bit Subnet ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix 128 bits * 64-bit Interface ID gives us 18 quintillion (18,446,744,073,709,551,616) devices/subnet. * 16-bit Subnet ID gives us 65,536 subnets. (Yes, you can use the all 0’s and all 1’s.) 

  13. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  14. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  15. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Global Routing Prefix 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  16. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  17. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  18. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID 3 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  19. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID 3 1 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  20. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID 3 1 4 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  21. Global Routing Prefix Sizes Subnet ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix

  22. Global Routing Prefix Sizes Subnet ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix /23 *RIR * This is a minimum allocation. The prefix-length may be less if it can be justified.

  23. Global Routing Prefix Sizes Subnet ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix /32 /23 *RIR *ISP Prefix * This is a minimum allocation. The prefix-length may be less if it can be justified.

  24. Global Routing Prefix Sizes Subnet ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix /32 /48 /23 *RIR *ISP Prefix 16-bit Subnet ID *Site Prefix * This is a minimum allocation. The prefix-length may be less if it can be justified.

  25. Global Routing Prefix Sizes Subnet ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix /56 /32 /48 /23 *RIR *ISP Prefix *Site Prefix 8-bit Subnet ID Possible Home Site Prefix * This is a minimum allocation. The prefix-length may be less if it can be justified.

  26. Global Routing Prefix Sizes Subnet ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix /56 /32 /48 /64 /23 *RIR *ISP Prefix *Site Prefix Possible Home Site Prefix Subnet Prefix * This is a minimum allocation. The prefix-length may be less if it can be justified.

  27. Divide these addresses as per 3-1-4 rule 2001:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777 Answer- Global Routing Prefix=2001:1111:2222 (3 Hextets) Subnet ID = 3333 (1 Hextet) Interface ID = 4444:5555:6666:7777 (4 Hextets) 2001::1 Answer- Global Routing Prefix = 2001:0000:0000 (3 Hextets) Subnet ID = 0000(1 Hextet) Interface ID =0000:0000:0000:0001 (4 Hextets)

  28. Subnetting IPv6 • 4 specific subnets could be: 2340:1111:AAAA::/48

  29. Subnetting IPv6 • 4 specific subnets could be: • 2340:1111:AAAA:0000::/64 • 2340:1111:AAAA:0001::/64 • 2340:1111:AAAA:0002::/64 • 2340:1111:AAAA:000A::/64 • Note: A valid abbreviation is to remove the 3 leading 0’s from the first shown quartet. • 2340:1111:AAAA:1::/64 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 Just increment by 1 in hex

  30. Subnetting IPv6 Create 4 subnets of /64 from 2001:1111:3333::/48 1st Subnet = 2001:1111:3333:0000 2nd Subnet = 2001:1111:3333:0001 3rd Subnet = 2001:1111:3333:0002 4th Subnet = 2001:1111:3333:0003 We have 16 bits for subnetting so we can create 2^16 Subnets

  31. Subnetting into the Interface ID /112 /48 16bits 48 bits 64 bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Prefix Interface ID Subnet-ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 • 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0001 : 0000 • 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0002 : 0000 • thru • 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : FFFF : FFFF : FFFF : FFFE : 0000 • 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA :FFFF : FFFF : FFFF : FFFF : 0000

  32. Subnetting on a nibble boundary /68 /48 60 bits 48 bits 20 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID Subnet Prefix /68 Subnetting on a nibble (4 bit) boundary makes it easier to list the subnets: /64, /68, /72,etc. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0000::/68 • 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:1000::/68 • 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:2000::/68through • 2001:0DB8:AAAA:FFFF:F000::/68 Just increment by 1 in hex

  33. Extend the Subnet ID (On a nibble boundary) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/48 network into 3 2001:DB8:AAAA/96 Subnets 2001:DB8:AAAA = Network or Global Routing Prefix = 48 bits 2001:DB8:AAAA:SSSS:SSSS:SSSS:HHHH:HHHH S means Subnet So we have 48 bits to do Subnetting 1st Subnet = 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000:0000/96 2nd Subnet = 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000:0001/96 3rd Subnet = 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000:0002/96

  34. Extend the Subnet ID (On a nibble boundary) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/64 network into 3 2001:DB8:AAAA/80 Subnets 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000 = Network or Global Routing Prefix = 64 bits 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:SSSS:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH So we have 16 bits to do Subnetting 1st Subnet = 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000/80 2nd Subnet = 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0001/80 3rd Subnet = 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0002/80 S means Subnet

  35. Extend the Subnet ID ( On a nibble boundary) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/64 network into 3 2001:DB8:AAAA/76 Subnets 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000 = Network or Global Routing Prefix = 64 bits Each digit in Hextet is a Nibble = 4bits 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:SSSH:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH So we have 3 nibbles = 12 bits for subnetting So the subnets are 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000/76 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0010/76 2001:DB8 :AAAA:0000:0020/76

  36. Extend the Subnet ID ( On a nibble boundary) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/64 network into 3 2001:DB8:AAAA/72 Subnets 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000 = Network or Global Routing Prefix = 64 bits Each digit in Hextet is a Nibble 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:SSHH:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH So we have 2 nibbles = 8 bits for subnetting So the subnets are 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000/72 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0100/72 2001:DB8 :AAAA:0000:0200/72

  37. Extend the Subnet ID ( On a nibble boundary) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/64 network into 3 2001:DB8:AAAA/68 Subnets 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000 = Network or Global Routing Prefix = 64 bits Each digit in Hextet is a Nibble 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:SHHH:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH So we have 1 nibble = 4bits to Subnet = 16 Subnets So the subnets are 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000/68 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:1000/68 2001:DB8 :AAAA:0000:2000/68

  38. Subnetting within a nibble /70 /48 58 bits 48 bits 22 bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID Subnet Prefix /70 Four Bits: The two leftmost bits are part of the Subnet-ID, whereas the two rightmost bits belong to the Interface ID. • 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0000::/700000 • 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0400::/700100 • 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0800::/701000 • 2001:0DB8:AAAA:0000:0C00::/701100 bits

  39. Extend the Subnet ID ( Within a nibble) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/64 network into 2 2001:DB8:AAAA/65 Subnets In the case where the Subnet boundary is within a Nibble, we have to convert the nibble to binary to identify the subnets A nibble is a hexadecimal digit = 4 binary digits 0 0 0 0 65 66 67 68 So we have 1 bit to do subnetting that is 2 Subnets 1st Subnet will have 65th Bit 0 or 0000 which is equal to 0 in Hex 2nd Subnet will have 65th Bit 1 or 1000 in binary = 8 in Hex 1st Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000/65 2nd Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:8000/65

  40. Extend the Subnet ID ( Within a nibble) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/64 network into 4 2001:DB8:AAAA/66 Subnets 0 0 0 0 65 66 67 68 So we have 2 bits to do subnetting that is 4 Subnets 00 01 10 and 11 in binary are the subnet bits Add the trailing zeroes 0000 0100 1000 1100 0 4 8 C in Hex 1st Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000/66 2nd Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:4000/66 3rd Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:8000/66 4th Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:C000/66

  41. Extend the Subnet ID ( Within a nibble) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/64 network into 8 2001:DB8:AAAA/67 Subnets 0 0 0 0 65 66 67 68 So we have 3 bits to do subnetting that is 8 Subnets 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 in binary are the subnet bits Add the trailing 0’s 0000 0010 0100 0110 1000 1010 1100 1110 0 2 4 6 8 A C E in hex are the Subnets 1st Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000::/67 2nd Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:2000::/67 3rd Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:4000::/67 4th Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:8000::/67

  42. Extend the Subnet ID ( Within a nibble) Extend 2001:DB8:AAAA/64 network into 2001:DB8:AAAA/77 Subnets So Number of bits for Global Routing Prefix = 64 bits Number of Subnet bits = 77 – 64 = 13 bits 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:SSSX X is the nibble but lets break down all the subnet bits into binary 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 The first subnet will be 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000/77 The second subnet will be 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0008/77 The third Subnet will be 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0010/77

  43. Other Subnets 6 5 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

  44. Other Subnets in Hex 6 5 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 2001:DB8 :AAAA:0018/77

  45. Identifying the range of IPv6 subnets What is the range of 2001:DB8:AAAA/96 subnet? The subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000:0000 The range is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 To 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0000:0000:FFFF:FFFF ( All 0’s and All F’s in the host part are valid and can be assigned to hosts) What is range of 2001:DB8:AAAA:FFFF:AAAA:1111:FFFF/112 subnet? The Subnet is 2001:DB8:AAAA:FFFF:AAAA:1111:FFFF The range is 2001:DB8:AAAA:FFFF:AAAA:1111:FFFF:0000 To 2001:DB8:AAAA:FFFF:AAAA:1111:FFFF:FFFF

  46. Identify the range Identify the range of the following subnet2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0018/77 Let’s concentrate on the last 2 nibbles of the 5th Hextet 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 8 The starting address is the Subnet number and all zeros 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0018::/77 The first address is 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:0018 The last address is the Subnet number and all 0nes 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 and 1’s till the 128th bit 2001:DB8:AAAA:0000:001F:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF

  47. Let’s Configure

  48. PT_Activity Please open IPv6_Task1 in the PT Folder

  49. R1# conf t R1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0 Configuring a Static Global Unicast Address • Exactly the same as an IPv4 address only different.

  50. R1# conf t R1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:0db8:cafe:0001::1/64 Configuring a Static Global Unicast Address No space • Exactly the same as an IPv4 address only different. • No space between IPv6 address and Prefix-length.

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