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Indian Education. introduction brief history boarding schools the meriam report 20th century critics. Introduction.
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Indian Education introduction briefhistory boardingschools themeriamreport 20th centurycritics
Introduction • The Americanization of Native Americans was an assimilation effort by the United States to transform Native American culture to European-American culture between the years of 1790–1920. • General Richard H. Pratt: ‘We do not separate the people of each nationality into schools exclusively for themselves. . . . (But) provide that the youth of all our people go into all schools. We shall not succeed in Americanizing the Indian until we work on him in exactly the same way.’
Briefhistory • 1969. SpecialSenateSubcommitteeonIndian Education issued „IndianEducation: A National Tragedy – A National Challenge • 1792. Indian Education Act– Indian Education and National AdvisoryCouncil of Indian Education • 1974: PL 93-380 teachertraining and fellowship program • 2001. No ChildLeftBehindAct
BoardingSchools,The CarlisleIndianIndustrialSchool • Primarlyrunbymissionaries • Traumaticexperiences • The CarlisleIndianIndustrialSchoolwasfoundedby Richard Henry Prattin 1879. • He believed education was meant to bring American Indians into society.
BoardingSchools,The CarlisleIndianIndustrialSchool • vocational training for boys,domestic science for girls, chores around the school ,producing goods for market • Carlisle and its curriculum became the model for schools sponsored by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
BoardingSchools,The CarlisleIndianIndustrialSchool They were expected to attend Christian churches. By 1923 in the Northwest, most Indian schools had closed.
The Meriam Report of 1928 • abolition of "The Uniform Course of Study", which taught only European-American cultural values; • education of younger children at community schools near home, while providing for older children to be able to attend non-reservation schools for higher grade work; and • provision by the Indian Service (now Bureau of Indian Affairs) to Native Americans of the education and skills to adapt both in their own communities and United States society.
‘went home rather than to white communities, after leaving school, only to find themselves handicapped for taking part in Navajo life because they did not know the techniques and customs of their own people’ ‘The philosophy underlying the establishment of Indian boarding schools, that the way to "civilize" the Indian is to take Indian children, even very young children, as completely as possible away from their home and family life, is at variance with modern views of education and social work, which regard the home and family as essential social institutions from which it is generally undesirable to uproot children.’ • ‘the administration of Indian affairs [is] a national disgrace -- A policy designed to rob Indians of their property, destroy their culture and eventually exterminate them’
