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European Middle Ages

Chapter 13. European Middle Ages. SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics. . a. Explain the manorial system and feudalism ; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the importance of Charlemagne.

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European Middle Ages

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  1. Chapter 13 European Middle Ages

  2. SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics. • a. Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the importance of Charlemagne. • b. Describe the political impact of Christianity; include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV. • c. Explain the role of the church in medieval society. • d. Describe how increasing trade led to the growth of towns and cities.

  3. Essential Questions • How did the introduction of new ideas, concepts, beliefs lead to political, economic, and social changes? • How did conflict within and/or between societies bring about change/s? • How did the role of church and government change during this period? • How did those changes impact a country’s social structure?  

  4. Main ideas • The Roman Empire broke into small kingdoms. During the Middle Ages, Charlemagne and Otto the Great tried to revive the empire. Both allied themselves with the church. • Weak rulers and the decline of central authority led to a feudal system where local lords with large estates assumed power. This lead to trouble with the church.

  5. Timeline • 511 Clovis unites the Franks under the Christian rule • 732 Charles Martel stops Muslim invasion • 800 Pope Leo III crowns the Frankish king Charlemagne emperor • 843 Treaty of Verdun divided Charlemagne’s empire • 900’s Outside invasions spur growth of feudalism • 962 Otto the Great becomes emperor

  6. Germanic kingdoms unite under Charlemagne • Invasions of Western Europe • Disruption of Trade • Merchants faced invasions – businesses collapses – break down Europe’s cities as economic centers • Downfall of Cities • Cities abandoned as centers of administration • Population Shifts • Roman centers of trade/government collapse • Nobles retreat to the country (with city dwellers)

  7. Decline of Learning • Germanic invaders were illiterate • Only church officials could read • Loss of a Common Language • Latin changes – new dialects emerge • Concept of Government changes • Borders shift with constant wars • Loyalties lie with local lords • Germans stress personal ties

  8. Clovis Rules the Franks • Gaul: • Franks hold power • Brings Christianity to the Franks at urging Clothilde(converts just before battle) • Clovis unites the Franks and forms an alliance with the Church of Rome • Germans adopt Christianity: • Religious communities (monasteries) were created to continue to spread Christianity in the country • Run by monks and nuns

  9. Roman Empire and Franks

  10. Clovis’ Reign Enlarges Frankish Empire

  11. Clovis

  12. St Benedict and Scholastica • Set up monasteries and a strict set of rules for monasteries • Became a model for other monasteries • Best educated communities • The Venerable Bede: wrote a history of England • Papal Power Expands under Gregory I: • Broadened the powers of the pope • Secular – worldly power in politics • Idea of a churchly kingdom

  13. The Empire Emerges • Charles Martel (the Hammer) • Major domo- mayor of the palace • Charged with running the royal households and estates • Led armies and made policies • Extended the Frank’s reign over Europe • Defeated Moors in Spain Battle of Tours • Passed kingdom to Pepin the Short • Thus begins the Carolingian Dynasty (751-987)

  14. Charles Martel

  15. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor • Son of Pepin the Short (6’4”) • Empire built greater than Rome • Spread Christianity with untied Western Europe • Pope Leo III crowned him “Roman Emperor” • Signaled the joining of Germanic power, the church and the heritage of the Roman Empire

  16. Charlemagne

  17. Emperor Charlemagne

  18. Charlemagne’s Revival • Limited the power of the nobles • Royal agents sent out to make sure Landholders (counts) rule justly Encouraged learning – opened a palace school Ordered monasteries to open schools • Crowns Louis the Pious as heir • 843 – Treaty of Verdun • Divided the kingdom into 3 kingdoms Result: Carolingian Dynasty broke down Feudalism arises

  19. Treaty of Verdun

  20. 10th and 11 Century Invasions

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