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European Middle Ages. European Middle Ages Clear Trends 500-1000 = political decentralization and backwardness Emerged out of ruins of Roman Empire Similar to Japan and Africa in political development Impact of Vikings, Magyar & Muslim invasions Disrupted development Protection was valued
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European Middle Ages • Clear Trends • 500-1000 = political decentralization and backwardness • Emerged out of ruins of Roman Empire • Similar to Japan and Africa in political development • Impact of Vikings, Magyar & Muslim invasions • Disrupted development • Protection was valued • Gave rise to feudalism and the Manorial system
E. 1000-1300 = General revival in Europe • More defined nations - France, England, Spain, Russia • Stronger economy • Trade increases • Hanseatic League- • Northern Germany and Scandinavia • Black Sea trade • Through central Europe • Pop. Increases • Revival of Cities! • Improved tech. & cultural knowledge • Ag. Improvements • Printing press
4. Intellectual Movements • Increased interest in learning from past & present societies • Rise of universities • Synthesis of faith and reason • Thomas Aquinas– high point of scholasticism’ Summas • Sought to reconcile faith & reason • 5. Emergence of concept = Europe as single civilization • a. Joined by common heritage and Christian rel.
II. Feudalism and Manor System • Origins of feudalism • Inability to create centralized rule • Need for protection and localized control • Based on reciprocal economic obligations • Timeline of Feudalism • 800 – feudalism expands to cover wider area • 900 – Regional lords evolve into Feudal monarchs • 1066 – William conquers England = feudalism + central gov’t • 1200 – origins of limited and rep. gov’t
III. Medieval Church • Most stable institution of Middle Ages • Main source of intellectual activity • Christian Orders Developed • Benedictines – monastic life • Franciscans & Dominicans – called for return to simplicity and poverty of early church. • - Appalled by heresy within church
The Growth of European Kingdoms • I. Kings Gain Power during High Middle Ages • Increasing land through wars and marriage • Extended power through greater wealth • Enabled monarchs to hire soldiers and officials • Reduced dependence on vassals
England in the High Middle Ages • 1066 – Norman conquest of England establishes feudal monarchy in England. • 1215 – King John forced to sign Magna Carta • Limited king’s power • 1295 – 1st English Parliament • Law beginning to be determined by king in consultation with reps.
The Capetian Monarchs Build a French Kingdom • Capetian dynasty established in 987 – No real power over most of France. • King Philip II (1180-1223)gained power and land from England • 1302 – Estates General (French Parliament) was born • Bringing together reps. From 3 estates or classes • Clergy = 1st Estate • Nobles = 2nd Estate • Townspeople = 3rd Estate • Feudal Monarchy in England vs. France • 1. 1066 Norman conquest of England establishes a feudal monarchy in England much more rapidly than occurs in France.