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Organizing the Body

Organizing the Body. Anatomy. The scientific study of structures and the relationship of structures to each other. FORM , shape, structure, and appearance. Physiology. The scientific study of the functioning of specific body parts and systems. FUNCTION. Levels of Organization.

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Organizing the Body

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  1. Organizing the Body

  2. Anatomy • The scientific study of structures and the relationship of structures to each other. • FORM, shape, structure, and appearance.

  3. Physiology • The scientific study of the functioning of specific body parts and systems. • FUNCTION

  4. Levels of Organization • “Captain” = Chemical • “Crunch” = Cell • “Tastes” = Tissue • “Oh” = Organ • “So” = System 11 Systems in the Human Body • “Outstanding” = Organism

  5. Building the Body • C,H,O,N, Na+, Cl-, Ca++, K+, H+=Chemistry • Nucleus/Membrane/Cytosol/Organelle= Cells • Cells + Cells = Tissue • Tissues + Tissues = Organ • Organs + Organs = System • All 11 Systems together = Organism

  6. Organism 11 Systems Tissue Organ Cell Chemical

  7. “DR SMILE CREN” • Digestive (Esophagus+Stomach+Intestines) • Respiratory (2Lungs+Trachea) • Skeletal (206 Bones+Joints) • Muscular (656-850 Muscles) • Integumentary (3 Layers+Exocrine Glands+Hair) • Lymphatic(Thymus+Lymph Nodes+Bone Marrow) • Excretory (Kidneys+Ureters+Bladder+Urethra) • Circulatory (Heart+Arteries+Veins) • Reproductive (Male and Female Sex Organs) • Endocrine (Pituitary+Thyroid+Pancreas…) • Nervous (Brain+Spinal Cord+Nerves)

  8. Embryonic Development Three Embryonic Germ Layers Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm

  9. Embryonic Development • Sperm + Egg=Zygote • 0-8 weeks the embryo develops from a zygote into a fetus. • During the eight weeks all 11 systems would be primitively formed.

  10. “DR SMILE CREN” • Digestive (Endoderm) • Respiratory (Endoderm) • Skeletal (Mesoderm) • Muscular (Mesoderm) • Integumentary (Mesoderm)/(Ectoderm) • Lymphatic (Mesoderm)/(Endoderm) • Excretory (Mesoderm)/(Endoderm) • Circulatory (Mesoderm) • Reproductive (Mesoderm)/(Endoderm) • Endocrine (Mesoderm)/(Endoderm)/(Ectoderm) • Nervous (Ectoderm)

  11. Digestive System • Endoderm

  12. Respiratory System • Endoderm

  13. Skeletal System • Mesoderm

  14. Muscular System • Mesoderm

  15. Integumentary System • Mesoderm (Subcutaneous) • Ectoderm (Dermis, Epidermis)

  16. Lymphatic System • Mesoderm (Lymphatic Tissue) • Endoderm (Thymus)

  17. Excretory System • Mesoderm (Urogenital) • Endoderm (Urinary Bladder, Urethra)

  18. Cardiovascular System • Mesoderm

  19. Reproductive System • Mesoderm (Urogenital) • Endoderm (Vagina, Urethra)

  20. Endocrine System • Mesoderm (Adrenal Cortex) • Endoderm (Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Liver) • Ectoderm (Pituitary Gland, Adrenal Medulla)

  21. Nervous System • Ectoderm (Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves) -Special Senses

  22. What level of organization would require all eleven functional systems to survive? • Organism

  23. Metabolism The sum total of all chemical processes that occur in the body.

  24. Anabolism Using energy to synthesize or manufacture new tissue or molecules.

  25. Catabolism The breakdown of tissues or chemical structures to produce or generate energy.

  26. Position Descriptors • Superior (Cranial) • Inferior (Caudal) • Anterior (Ventral) • Posterior (Dorsal) • Medial • Lateral • Proximal • Distal

  27. Position Descriptors

  28. Anatomical Terms

  29. flexion extension hyperextension abduction adduction plantar flexion dorsiflexion circumduction supination (LR) pronation (MR) inversion eversion elevation depression protraction retraction Movement Descriptors

  30. Planes Fixed lines of reference along which the body or organ is often divided to facilitate viewing.

  31. Body Planes

  32. Sagittal Plane A vertical plane which divides the body or structure into right and left sections.

  33. Sagittal Section of Thorax

  34. MRI of Brain

  35. Mid-Sagittal Plane A vertical plane which divides a body or structure into equal right and left halves.

  36. Frontal (Coronal) Plane A vertical plane which divides a body or structure into anterior and posterior sections

  37. X-Ray: Frontal View

  38. Transverse (Horizontal) Plane A horizontal plane which divides a body or structure into superior and inferior sections.

  39. Transverse Plane(Cross Section)

  40. Chest CT Scan

  41. Brain MRI

  42. Planes - Overview

  43. BODY CAVITIES Spaces within the body that contain the internal organs.

  44. Dorsal Body Cavity • Cranial Cavity • Contains the brain • Spinal (Vertebral) Cavity • Bony cavity formed by the vertebrae of the spine that contains and protects the spinal cord.

  45. Ventral Body Cavity • Thoracic Cavity • Pleural cavities (2) • Mediastinum • Pericardial cavity • Abdominopelvic Cavity • Abdominal cavity • Pelvic cavity

  46. Body Cavities

  47. Abdominopelvic Quadrants • The abdominopelvic cavity can be functionally divided into quadrants. • Used by clinical personnel to describe the location of abdominopelvic pain, tumors, and other abnormalities.

  48. Abdominopelvic Quadrants • Used mostly in the medical and clinical disciplines. • Functionally divides the abdominopelvic cavity into four quadrants • RUQ - Right Upper Quadrant • LUQ - Left Upper Quadrant • RLQ - Right Lower Quadrant • LLQ - Left Lower Quadrant

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