1 / 52

Plant of the day

Plant of the day. Purple foxglove. Chapter 2 - Chemistry. Atomic structure. Ions. Water is a solvent of polar molecules. Biological molecules. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids. From monomers to polymers. Cellulose. Cellulose products. Secondary metabolites.

fitzgerald-prince
Télécharger la présentation

Plant of the day

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Plant of the day Purple foxglove

  2. Chapter 2 - Chemistry

  3. Atomic structure

  4. Ions

  5. Water is a solvent of polar molecules

  6. Biological molecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

  7. From monomers to polymers

  8. Cellulose

  9. Cellulose products

  10. Secondary metabolites • Produced in small amounts • Can be very complex (chemically)

  11. Why do plants produce secondary metabolites? • Attractants • Pollinators • Pigments, scents • Seed dispersal

  12. Why do plants produce secondary metabolites? • Deter predators

  13. Secondary metabolites as chemoprotectants • Saponins and fungal resistance • avenicin

  14. Milkweed produces a cardiac glycoside

  15. Heliconius larvae tolerate cyanogenic glycosides in passion vine

  16. Volicitin link

  17. -ecdysone • An insect growth hormone

  18. Cotton produces gossypol trichomes

  19. Phytoecdysones promote molting

  20. Secondary metabolites used by humans • Alkaloids • Over 5000 known kinds • 20% of all plants produce alkaloids • Acts on CNS

  21. Alkaloids • Capsaicin link

  22. Capsaicin binds to neurons link

  23. Alkaloids • Poppy • Codeine • Morphine

  24. Alkaloids • Nicotine • Rust inhibitor • Insecticide

  25. Alkaloids • Ephedrine Ephedra – Mormon tea plant

  26. Alkaloids • Vinblastine & vincristine • Madagascar periwinkle • Anti-cancer drugs • 53 tons of leaves to produce 100g drug

  27. Alkaloids • Quinine (feverbark tree) • Anti-malarial • 2-3 million deaths per year

  28. Alkaloids • Reserpine (Snakeroot) • Similar to serotonin • Used to treat schizophrenia & LSD patients ( a brain depressant/tranquilizer)

  29. Alkaloid poisons • D-tubocurarine (Curare) • Blocks acetylcholine receptors • Paralyzes muscles, including respiratory organs & heart

  30. Alkaloid poisons • Coniine (hemlock) • Taxine (yew) • Solanine (potato)

  31. Terpenes • Lipid-based • Many types secreted by trichomes

  32. Terpenes • Essential oils • Citronellol • Camphor • Mints (Mentha)

  33. Essential oils • Menthol (Eucalyptus)

  34. Terpenes • Pyrethrins

  35. Terpenes • Sterols (hormones) • Phyto-ecdysones

  36. Terpenes • Taxol • Anti-cancer (ovarian) • 0.7g taxol per mature tree • $250,000 per kg

  37. Phenolics • Salicin • Aspirin precursor

  38. Phenolics • Resveratrol • Heart disease, cancer • Phyto-estrogen

  39. Phenolics • Vanillin

  40. Glycosides • Sugar attached to a terpene • Categories • Cardiac glycosides • Cyanogenic glycosides • Saponins

  41. Cardiac glycosides • Steroid-based, Stimulates heart • Digitoxin • Used since 1640AD as a heart medication • #1 congestive heart failure drug • 3 million patients/yr (U.S.)

  42. Cardiac glycosides • Oleandrin • Oleander – an ornamental shrub • Causes cardiac arrest

  43. Cyanogenic glycosides • Release cyanide (HCN) • Passion vine • Pit fruits link

  44. Saponins • Diosgenin • Toxic, steroid-based

  45. Saponins • Diosgenin – precursor of progesterone and cortisone • Link 1 • Link 2

  46. Saponins • Ginseng • Stomach disorders • Nervous disorders

More Related