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Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

Anatomy of the Central Nervous System. Lesson 3. Functional Anatomy: CNS. Major Divisions Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain Know structure location & general function Major fiber systems CNS vs PNS terminology nucleus vs. ganglion tracts vs. nerves ~. Forebrain - Cortex.

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Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

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  1. Anatomy of theCentral Nervous System Lesson 3

  2. Functional Anatomy: CNS • Major Divisions • Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain • Know structure location & general function • Major fiber systems • CNS vs PNS terminology • nucleus vs. ganglion • tracts vs. nerves ~

  3. Forebrain - Cortex • Gray Matter • Somas and Dendrites • Organized in layers • some input, some output • Neocortex • 6 layers ~

  4. Forebrain - Fiber Systems • White Matter - myelinated axons • 3 types of fiber systems • Commissural • Association • Projection ~

  5. Commissural Fibers • Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres • Corpus Callosum • Anterior and Posterior • Hippocampal ~

  6. Anterior Anterior

  7. Forebrain Fibers Systems • Association Fibers • interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere • Projection Fibers • all other fiber systems • Fornix • Corticospinal tract • Mammillothalamic tract • Naming convention ~

  8. Hemispheres Left Right Association Commissural Projection

  9. Forebrain Subcortical Areas • Diencephalon • Surrounds 3rd ventricle • Thalamus • sensory and motor relay nuclei • Hypothalamus • motivation & emotion ~

  10. Thalamus • Lateral Geniculate Nuclei • LGN • vision • Medial Geniculate Nuclei • MGN • audition ~

  11. Hypothalamus • 4Fs • Feeding • Fighting • fleeing, and ... • mating • Controls the pituitary gland ~

  12. Thalamus

  13. MGN Pituitary Stalk Thalamus & Hypothalamus LGN Hypothalamus

  14. Subcortical: Limbic System • Emotion; Learning & Memory • Structures • Cingulate gyrus • Hippocampus • Amygdala • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Mammilary bodies • Olfactory bulbs • Fornix ~

  15. Limbic System Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Fornix Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala

  16. Striatum Subcortical: Basal Ganglia • 3 motor nuclei • Caudate • Putamen • Globus Pallidus ~

  17. Globus pallidus Putamen Caudate

  18. Midbrain • Surrounds cerebral aqueduct • Tectum • Superior Colliculi - vision • Inferior Colliculi - audition • Tegmentum • substantia nigra - motor • many other nuclei • sleep/wake cycle • pain & analgesia • positive reinforcement ~

  19. Thalamus Superior Colliculi Inferior Colliculi Tectum Tegmentum Medulla

  20. Cross-section of Tegmentum Dorsal Substantia Nigra

  21. Hindbrain • Cerebellum • coordinates movements • Pons • Sleep and arousal • Medulla • vital functions • many cranial nerves ~

  22. Cerebellum Pons

  23. Dorsal Dorsal Ventral Ventral Spinal Cord Gray Matter Horns White Matter Central Canal

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