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Transportation, Air Pollution, Climate The Road Ahead in Asia

Transportation, Air Pollution, Climate The Road Ahead in Asia. August 19, 2014 Michael P. Walsh International Consultant Founding Chairman Board of Directors, International Council on Clean Transportation. Air Pollution Is Already Reaching Crisis Levels

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Transportation, Air Pollution, Climate The Road Ahead in Asia

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  1. Transportation, Air Pollution, ClimateThe Road Ahead in Asia August 19, 2014 Michael P. Walsh International Consultant Founding Chairman Board of Directors, International Council on Clean Transportation

  2. Air Pollution Is Already Reaching Crisis Levels Across Asia Especially PM2.5 And O3 PM2.5 卫星反演PM2.5浓度分布 Van Donkelaar et al. (2010) O3 模拟O3浓度分布 Lelieveld, J., and F. J. Dentener (2000)

  3. Ambient PM2.5 Now Among The Leading Global Risks For Mortality And Lost Years Of Healthy Life In 2010 Contributes to 3.2 million premature deaths worldwide

  4. Costs of Air Pollution:Health Impacts of Road Transport • Cost to Advanced Economies Plus China and India = $3.5 Trillion per Year • OECD ~ $1.7 Trillion • China ~ $1.4 Trillion • India ~ $0.5 Trillion • In OECD Countries ~ Half From Road Transport Source: OECD Secretary General Gurria, , May 21, 2014

  5. We Now Face A New Global Challenge: Climate Change Melt descending into a moulin, a vertical shaft carrying water to ice sheet base. Source: Roger Braithwaite, University of Manchester (UK)

  6. Remember 2011! Severe Drought Followed By Extreme Flooding

  7. Source; WMO GHG Bulletin Number 8

  8. Vehicle Pollution is an Increasingly Important Challenge

  9. Historical High Growth Has Offset Many ImprovementsVehicles Remain Important Contributor To Local, Regional and Global Pollution

  10. In Your Face! Literally!

  11. BC: Linking Climate and Air Pollution • Black Carbon (BC) is part of the air pollution mixture known as particulate matter (PM) • Most strongly light-absorbing component of PM • Formed by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass, and is a major component of “soot” • Mainly found in the fine particle (PM2.5) fraction, which is most strongly linked to adverse health effects

  12. Most Recent Study Says Black Carbon is Second Only To CO2

  13. Elements of a ComprehensiveVehicle Pollution Control Strategy Better Air Quality Clean Vehicle Technologies Low Emissions Clean Fuels Transportation & Land use Planning Appropriate Maintenance

  14. Diesel Vehicles and Engines are Ideal Candidates for Black Carbon Control Very high ratio of Black Carbon to Organic Carbon Ubiquitous Control Technology Exists Substantial Health Co-Benefits

  15. A Critical Technology: Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) Trapped Soot Cell Plugs Exhaust Out (CO2, H2O) Exhaust In(PM, CO, HC) *Removes 90+% BC, PM; also HC and CO *Requires Ultralow Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) 21

  16. Emissions standards for mobile sources in China Source: Huiming Gong, CSEP

  17. Dealing With Existing VehiclesMust Be A High PriorityWill Dominate Inventory For Several Years

  18. Strategies For In-use Vehicles • Mandatory Retirement (Scrappage) • Best applied to the oldest vehicles • Can be the most cost-effective reduction strategy • Retrofit • The installation of emissions control equipment on vehicles not yet ready for retirement • Requires Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (< 50 PPM) For Most Advanced PM Filters

  19. Transport ProblemsNot Limited To Road Vehicles

  20. Looking Ahead: 15 Of The World’s Top 20 Ports Are In Asia Source: American Association of Port Authorities, 2009 Provided by Rich Kassel 29

  21. New Energy Vehicles Entering the Marketin California 2012-2015 Battery Electric Vehicles Fuel Cell Vehicles Plug-In Hybrids

  22. Where Do We Go From Here? Developing a Clean Vehicles and Fuels Roadmap

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