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The Cell Cycle & Mitosis: Understanding Cell Division for Growth, Repair, and Reproduction

"Discover the fascinating process of cell division through the stages of the cell cycle and mitosis. Learn about the importance of cell division in growth, repair, and reproduction. Explore how chromosomes duplicate, separate, and lead to the creation of two identical daughter cells. Watch a video to visualize the stages of mitosis and test your knowledge with an interactive quiz. Enhance your understanding of this fundamental biological process with clear explanations and visual aids."

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The Cell Cycle & Mitosis: Understanding Cell Division for Growth, Repair, and Reproduction

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  1. 1.2 The Cell Cycle & Mitosis “You Complete Me” A process where one parent cell gives rise to two daughter cells- exact replicas of the original cell.

  2. The Cell Cycle Importance of cell division: 1. Helps organisms grow. 2. Helps organisms repair. 3. Helps organisms reproduce.

  3. Stages of Cell Cycle There are 3 stages to the cell cycle: • Interphase:growth and preparation • Mitosis: the process of duplicating the nucleus, (PMAT) • Cytokinesis: division of cytoplasm and organelles

  4. Stage 1: Interphase Onion root tip (on left side), whitefish (on right side) • The longest of all 3 stages of the cell cycle • The cell grows and prepares to divide by duplicating its DNA and organelles so that it can be shared between the 2 new cells. • The DNA strands, chromosomes copy themselves, they are now identical strands of DNA • This now allows for the new cell to have the same genetic information as the parent cell.

  5. Chromosomes duplicateEach strand is called a chromatid centromere

  6. Stage 2: Mitosis • Mitosis is the stage where the nucleus divides. • TWO copies of the DNA separate to opposite ends of the cell to make TWO new daughter cells. • There are 4 main phases: • Prophase, P • Metaphase, M • Anaphase, A • Telophase, T

  7. Phase 1 of Mitosis: Prophase Major processes during this phase: • Chromosomes thicken and become more visible bodies, each pair is made up of identical strands. • Nucleolus disappears • Nuclear membrane around the nucleus begins to dissolve. • 2 centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell • Mesh-like spindle fibres form between centioles • Chromosomes begin to attach to spindle fibres.

  8. Phase 2 of Mitosis: Metaphase • Chromosomes attached to spindle fibers line up in the middle (the equator) of the cell • Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

  9. Phase 3 of Mitosis:Anaphase • The sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell. • Each separate chromatid is called a daughter chromosome. • One complete set of chromosomes moves to each end of the cell.

  10. Phase 4 of Mitosis:Telophase • Spindle fibres begin to disappear • Daughter chromosomes stretch out, and become thin and invisible again. • A new nuclear membrane begins to form around the nucleus at each end of the cell. • There are now 2 separate nuclei and the cell is ready to split into 2

  11. Stage 3 of Cell Cycle: Cytokinesis • In this last stage of the cell cycle, the cytoplasm and other organelles are distributed to the two ends of the cell. • In an animal cell the cell membrane pinches in called the cleavage furrow. • This separates the dividing cell into 2 new daughter cells. • Each daughter cell has a nucleus with a complete copy of the parents cell’s DNA and its own organelles.

  12. cleavage furrow

  13. This cycle this repeats itself again!

  14. Body Cell Chromosome Numbers During Mitosis Parent Cell 2 Identical Daughter Cells

  15. Can you identify these stages? A B D C Answers: A. Telophase B. Prophase C. Cytokinesis D. Metaphase

  16. Mitosis - Video • http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=mitosis&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=4EB754393EBFF004C8EC4EB754393EBFF004C8EC

  17. Homework • Read Pages 2. Complete: Pg

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