1. Plant Science

2. Germination • What is a seed • Requirements for germination • How does a seed germinate • Parts and Function of Monocot Seed • Parts and Function of Dicot seed • Process of germination and emergence

3. What is a seed?

4. A Seed is • Young embryonic plant in a dormant or resting stage with a supply of food and 1 or more seed coats.

5. Three Basic Parts of Seed Parts • Embryo 2. Food Supply 3. Ovary wall or seed coat

6. Requirements for Germination • Favorable Temperatures • Sufficient Moisture • Air (Oxygen) • Presence or absence of light

7. Seed Germination • Absorption of Water • Absorbs 35-100 % of their weight • Causes seed coat to swell

8. Seed Germination 2. Seed Proteins are activated, which activates the enzyme system a. Stimulates enzyme system b. Requires more moisture and oxygen

9. Seed Germination 3. Seed root (radical) emerges. a. Anchors root to soil

10. Seed Germination 4. Seed’s plumule or embryonic shoot begins to emerge. a. Shoot will push its way up through soil to the sunlight

11. Seed Germination 5. Leaves Form and food production via photosynthesis starts.

12. Monocot Seed Parts: • Seed coat • Endosperm • Embryo • Cotyledon • Epicotyl • Hypocotyl • Radicle

13. Monocot Seed • Seed Coat- tissue surrounding the embryo, protects the inner parts

14. Monocot Seed • Endosperm- source of starch or energy (food) until germination is complete

15. Monocot Seed • Embryo- contains cotyledon, which breaks down the starch in the endosperm to provide food for the embryo

16. Monocot Seed • Epicotyl- shoot above the cotyledon

17. Monocot Seed • Hypocotyle- stem below cotyledon

18. Monocot Seed • Radicle- develops into primary root of the plant. • Absorbs water during germination • Radicle dies after permanent roots form

19. Monocot Seed

20. Dicot Seed • Seed Coat • Embryo • Two cotyledons • Epicotyl • Hypocotyl • Radicle

21. Dicot Seed • Seed Coat- protection

22. Dicot Seed • Embryo- miniature plant containing: • Two cotyledons • Epicotyl • Hypocotyl • Radicle

23. Dicot Seed • Two Cotyldons- seed leaves, food storage

24. Dicot Seed • Epicotyl- first true leaves, shoot, and everything above the cotyledon

25. Dicot Seed • Hypocotyl- first true stem between root and first node of the stem, pulls the seed upward

26. Dicot Seed • Radicle- forms the root system; absorbs water

27. Germination and Emergence : Monocot Seed • Seed Swells

28. Germination and Emergence : Monocot Seed 2. Radicle grows down

29. Germination and Emergence : Monocot Seed 3. First internode and epicotyl grow up

30. Germination and Emergence : Monocot Seed 4. After epicotyl emerges new leaves form and food production starts

31. Germination and Emergence : Monocot Seed 5. New root system develops above the first internode just beneath the soil

32. Germination and Emergence : Monocot Seed 6. Temporary root system ceases to function and dies

33. Germination and Emergence : Dicot Seed 1. Seed swell

34. Germination and Emergence : Dicot Seed 2. Radicle grows down

35. Germination and Emergence : Dicot Seed 3. Hypocotyle elongates • Forms an arch that breaks soil surface

36. Germination and Emergence : Dicot Seed 4. Hypocotyl reaches light, elongation ceases and hypocotyl straightens up pulling cotyledons out of soil

37. Germination and Emergence : Dicot Seed 5. Cotyledons turn green and manufacture food until new leaves develop

38. Germination and Emergence : Dicot Seed 6. As new leaves develop, the cotyledons die, dry up, and fall off