1. Animal Definitions of Territoriality • Burt (1943) Territory is the protective part of the home range/area around the home site over which the animal normally travels. • Hediger (1950, 1961) Area animal lives in and prevents other members of his species from entering. • McBride (1964) Fixed geographic areas maintained and defended against other species members.

2. Human Definitions of Territoriality • Sommer (1966) Area controlled or actual possession by an individual, family or group. The area is personalized or marked in some way. • Altman (1967-1974) Mutually exclusive use of area/objects by persons/groups.

3. Territoriality • Problems/Issues • Definitions based on active defense do not seem appropriate for most human behaviour. • Effects of deterritorialization highlight the importance of territoriality (e.g., culture shock, deaths in Hmong refugees, discharged psychiatric patients, etc.)

4. Animal/Human Similarities in Territoriality • Home territories used for specific behaviours (e.g., rearing of young). • Relationship between size of territory and social status.

5. Animal/Human Differences in Territoriality • Rarity of total invasion/occupation of territory in animals. • Humans can engage in warfare without trespass. • Humans admit others to home territory. • Rarity of territory related fighting on the human individual level.

6. Functions of Territoriality • Group identity/bonding • Role/status setting • Control (e.g., defensible space, deterritorialization, geographic profiling)