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Gas Treatment Plant

Gas Treatment Plant. Chris, Stephanie, Kyle, Mariam. What is Shale gas?. Is natural gas trapped within shale formations. And why is it important?. Energy dependence Reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Purpose. Take raw shale gas and purify. Produce compressed natural gas/pipeline gas.

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Gas Treatment Plant

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  1. Gas Treatment Plant Chris, Stephanie, Kyle, Mariam

  2. What is Shale gas? Is natural gas trapped within shale formations. And why is it important? • Energy dependence • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions

  3. Purpose • Take raw shale gas and purify. • Produce compressed natural gas/pipeline gas. • Produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) • Supply methane for Ammonia Plant, Air Separations and Syngas Plant, the Direct Iron Reduction Plant, and Combined Heat/Power plant. • Supply Nitrogen (N2) to Ammonia Plant. • Produce natural gas liquids (NGL) for sale.

  4. Shale Gas Composition

  5. Design Basis

  6. First Step: Water Removal and Condensation

  7. First Step: Water Removal and Condensation Gravity Separation Example of Horizontal Separator

  8. First Step: Water Removal and Condensation • Purpose: To separate gas/liquid phases. • Additionally water and NGLs may be separated within the same unit given proper settling time. • Proper pressure and liquid-level controls required. • A mist extractor at gas exit captures droplets too small to settle by gravity. • The sudden change in momentum generates the separation of liquid from gas.

  9. Second Step: Acid Gas Removal

  10. Second Step: Acid Gas Removal Amine Treating • Most commonly used process for removing sour gas in natural gas purification plants Most Common Amines Used • Monoethanolamine • Diethanolamine • Methylethanolamine • Diisopropylamine

  11. Second Step: Acid Gas Removal Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)

  12. Second Step: Acid Gas Removal Benfield Process • Thermally regenerated cyclical solvent process • Uses an activated, inhibited hot potassium carbonate solution to remove CO2, H2S and other acid gas components

  13. Second Step: Acid Gas Removal Sulfinol Process • For selective absorption of H2S, COS and mercaptans, while co-absorbing only part of the CO2 • The solvent is composed of Sulfolane, DIPA or MDEA and water • Great for treating large quantity of gas such as natural gas which are at elevated pressure

  14. Second Step: Separation H2S and CO2

  15. Second Step: Separation H2S and CO2 Room- Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTILs) • An ionic liquid comprising an anion having a carboxylate function and an effective amount of water is used as an adsorbent to selectively complex the CO2 yielding a gaseous stream with a greatly reduced CO2 content.

  16. Third Step: Separation of H2S and recycle

  17. Third Step: Separation of H2S and recycle Claus Process

  18. Third Step: Separation of H2S and recycle Scot process

  19. Third Step: Separation of H2S and recycle Clauspol process

  20. Fourth Step: Dehydration

  21. Fourth Step: Dehydration Glycol Separation • Commonly used • Triethylene Glycol • Glycol absorbs water • Can potentially vaporize hydrocarbons

  22. Fifth Step: Nitrogen Removal

  23. Fifth Step: Nitrogen Removal Methods: Cryogenics, Pressure Swing Adsorption, Membrane separation and lean oil absorption. Cryogenics: The only widely acceptable method on the industrial scale. • Costs $0.30-0.50/Mscf for plants handling 75 MMscfd • Costs $1.00+/Mscf for plants handling 2 MMscfd or less. • Methane and Nitrogen condense at different temperatures -256F and -346F respectively. Membrane Process: No membrane alone has the Nitrogen/Methane separation characteristics. PSA and Lean Oil Absorption: Prohibitively high capital costs and require lower volume flows.

  24. Sixth Step: Natural Gas Liquid Recovery

  25. Sixth Step: Natural Gas Liquid Recovery Turbo Expander and Demethanizer • Turbine through which a high pressure gas is expanded to produce work that is often used to drive a compressor • Low-temperature distillation column to separate CH4 and Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)

  26. Seventh Step: Fractionation

  27. Seventh Step: Fractionation

  28. Eighth Step: Liquefaction and compression

  29. Eighth Step: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Production Composition: • Methane 90-95% • Nitrogen 1-4% • C2+ hydrocarbons 1-5% • CO2 <1% Example of coil-wound LNG heat exchanger

  30. LNG Transportation LNG occupies 1/600th the volume of natural gas in gaseous form. • LNG is necessary when no pipeline exists. • Efficient method for exporting natural gas. Example of LNG tanker

  31. Questions?

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