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Measuring Presence

Measuring Presence. Witmer and Singer Summarized by Geb Thomas. The Study. Presence Questionnaire (PQ) Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ) PQ and IPQ are internally consistent Weak, positive correlation between Presence and task performance More simulator sickness->less presence.

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Measuring Presence

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  1. Measuring Presence Witmer and Singer Summarized by Geb Thomas

  2. The Study • Presence Questionnaire (PQ) • Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ) • PQ and IPQ are internally consistent • Weak, positive correlation between Presence and task performance • More simulator sickness->less presence

  3. The Main Questions • What aspects of VE contribute to presence? • Individual differences • What role does immersion, the perception of being enveloped, play? • Is presence a simple displacement of attention?

  4. Degree of Presence • A shift in attention • This also occurs in books and movies • May not eliminate person’s ability to concurrently attend to aspects of VE and physical environment

  5. Fontaine (1992) • Presence is a matter of focus • When experiencing a novel environment, people are broadly focused • A narrow attentional focus makes people direct attention towards specific objects. • Therefore Broad focus is necessary for presence

  6. Selective Attention • Presence may require focus of attention on specific stimuli • To the extent that specific stimuli fit into a unified whole, they project a sense of presence.

  7. Basic Requirements for Presence • Involvement • Focusing one’s energy and attention on a coherent set of stimuli or meaningfully related activities and events. • Immersion

  8. Control Factors • Degree of Control • Immediacy of control • Anticipation • Mode of control • Physical environmental modifiability

  9. Sensory Factors • Sensory modality • Environmental richness • Multimodal presentation • Consistency of multimodal information • Degree of movement perception • Active search

  10. Distraction Factors • Isolation • Selective attention • Interface awareness

  11. Realism Factors • Scene realism • Consistency of information with the objective world • Meaningfulness of experience • Separation anxiety/disorientation

  12. Immersion • Perceiving oneself to be enveloped by, included in, and interacting with an environment • Isolation from the physical environment, perception of self-inclusion in the VE

  13. Possible Factors • Involvement -- a psychological state experienced as a consequence of focusing one’s energy and attention on a coherent set of stimuli or meaningfully related activities and events. • Immersion -- a psychological state characterized by perceiving oneself to be enveloped by, included in, and interacting with an environment ...

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