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Understanding Consonant and Vowel Articulation in Phonetics

In this session, we will continue exploring the features of consonants and vowels in phonetics. We will review the attributes characterizing consonants such as voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation, discussing stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, liquids, and glides. Additionally, we will examine vowel articulations across dimensions like height, frontness, roundness, and tenseness. Don't forget that homework #2 is due next Monday, and we'll dive into suprasegmentals and more phonetics practice this Friday!

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Understanding Consonant and Vowel Articulation in Phonetics

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  1. Phonetics, part II (continued!) October 17, 2012

  2. The Plan for Today • Wrap up consonant features • Run through another phonetics practice exercise. • The plan for the future: • On Friday, we’ll discuss suprasegmentals. • Plus: more phonetics practice. • Homework #2 due next Monday (October 22nd). • I’ll send out the phonetics homework sometime this evening. • Morphology homeworks should be returned on Friday.

  3. Oh by the way… • The textbook mentions the existence of a mid-low, back, rounded vowel… • “Open O”: [ ] • Compare: • Calgary • Chicago • New York • Saskatoon Source: http://accent.gmu.edu • Also check out: • Calgary: Oxford, England:

  4. Consonants • Last time, we talked about how consonants can be characterized by the following set of attributes: • Voicing • vocal fold position and movement • Place of Articulation • location of constriction in the vocal tract • Manner of Articulation • type of constriction made in the vocal tract

  5. Manner of Articulation • Stop = complete closure in vocal tract • English stops: [p] [t] [k] [b] [d] [g] • Fricative - narrow constriction that causes disruption of airflow • think “friction” • English fricatives: [f] [s] [h] [v] [z]

  6. Manner of Articulation • 3. Affricate • = brief closure with a fricated release • English affricates: • 4. Nasal • = velum is lowered and allows air to flow through the nose • English nasals: • [m] [n]

  7. The X-Ray video

  8. Manner of Articulation • 5. Liquid = minimal constriction in vocal tract • lateral = tongue is constricted in center of mouth; air passes out through the sides of mouth • English lateral liquid: [l] • retroflex = tongue is either: • curled back • bunched up English retroflex: [r] 6. Glide = least amount of constriction without being a vowel • English glides: [w] [j]

  9. What about vowels? • Vowel articulations can be characterized along four dimensions: • Height (of tongue body) • high, mid, low • Frontness (of tongue body) • front, central, back • Roundness (of lips) • rounded, unrounded • Tenseness • tense, lax

  10. Corner Vowels

  11. [i] to [a] movie

  12. The “Vowel Space” The two dimensions height and front/backness define the vowel space.

  13. Other Vowel Features • Rounding: • [u], [o], are pronounced with rounded lips • the other English vowels are not • “Tenseness”: • A “tense” vowel is closer to the edge of the vowel space • a “lax” vowel is closer to the center • Ex: [i] is tense, is not. • Note: tense/lax distinctions are very hard for non-native speakers of English to hear

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