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Automatic Program Verification: Techniques and Tools from Microsoft Research

This lecture, presented by K. Rustan M. Leino at the Marktoberdorf Summer School 2011, delves into the importance of program verification for software development. It covers methods for establishing program correctness, including verification tools like Dafny, which facilitates functional correctness through specifications, loop invariants, and various checks. The session emphasizes the role of verification in minimizing faults and security issues throughout the software lifecycle, from development to maintenance. Practical examples, including the iterative Fibonacci and binary search, demonstrate these concepts effectively.

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Automatic Program Verification: Techniques and Tools from Microsoft Research

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Using and Building an Automatic Program Verifier K. Rustan M. Leino Research in Software Engineering (RiSE) Microsoft Research, Redmond Lecture 0 Marktoberdorf Summer School 2011 Bayrischzell, BY, Germany 4 August 2011

  2. Reasoning about programs • Central to any programming task • From safety critical applications to scripting • From initial development to maintenance to debugging • Minimizes faults, security problems, time/cost to market • Thinking skill

  3. Program verifier • A verification tool can be used • to establish the correctness of a program • as a vehicle for learning to reason about programs

  4. Program verification hand proofs (or hand waving) traditional mechanical program verification Dafnyand others functional correctness assurance level extended static checking limited checking human effort automaticdecisionprocedures (SMT solvers) interactiveproof assistants no machine assistance technology:

  5. Dafny • Object-based language • generic classes, no subclassing • object references, dynamic allocation • sequential control • Built-in specifications • pre- and postconditions • framing • loop invariants, inline assertions • termination • Specification support • Sets, sequences, inductive datatypes, … • User-defined recursive functions • Ghost variables

  6. Basics(assert, ensures, BVD, assume, requires, call, testing specs, debugging specs) demo Swap (parameters, globals, fields)

  7. When do tools kick in? • Run time • Compile time • Design time  closer to the time of program construction

  8. Reasoning about loops • A loop invariant • holds at the top of every iteration • is the only thing the verifier remembers from one iteration to another (about the variables being modified) while (B){ S;} Loop invariant holds here

  9. Loops demo Iterative Fibonacci, Binary Search

  10. Using Dafny on the web

  11. Exercises • Cubes • http://rise4fun.com/Dafny/Qch • Cubes, recursive • http://rise4fun.com/Dafny/6xO

  12. Links • Dafny • research.microsoft.com/dafny • rise4fun • rise4fun.com • Verification Corner • research.microsoft.com/verificationcorner

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