Token Bit Manager for the CMS Pixel Readout

1. Token Bit Manager for the CMS Pixel Readout Edward Bartz (R.Stone) Rutgers University • Description of the TBM Functions • First Prototype in DMILL • 0.25 m Translation CMS Pixel Electronics Systems Review 5 November 2003

2. TBM Overview • Orchestrate the Readout of Several Pixel Chips on a Single Analog Output Link • Provide a Link Between the Front End Controller and the Pixel Chips For Control Commands •  Custom, Mixed Mode, Rad-Hard, Chip Located Near Pixel Readout Chips

3. 40 MHz Clock Control Commands Analog Output Analog Output L1A HUB Dual TBM CLK L1 TBM TBM Analog Output Chain of Read Out Chips Chain of Read Out Chips Dual TBM Chip • Dual TBM Chip • Two Token Bit Manager’s • Each TBM Controls one ROC Chain • 8 to 24 ROCs per TBM • Control Network Hub • Port addressing for control commands • 6 to 14 Dual TBMs per Control Link • 120 Links in the Detector • ~1200 TBMs & 20,000 ROCs

4. To Flash ADC L1 Trigger Clock Reset Analog Output TBM CLK L1 Token Out Token In ROC ROC ROC Analog Output TBM Functions • Write header and trailer (2 bit analog encoded digital) • 8 bit Event Number  Header • 8 bit Error status word Trailer • Distribute to Pixel Readout Chips (ROC) • L1 triggers (2 Outputs/TBM) • Clock (2 Outputs/TBM) • Control readout through token pass • Stack triggers awaiting token pass • 32 event deep • No readout after 16 deep

5. Analog Output • Levels Chosen To Match ROC • Output Levels Fully Adjustable • Gain Adjustment • Differential Offset Adjustment • Driver Current Adjustment • Output Driver Identical to ROC Note: Voltages are referenced to Analog Optical Link input. Levels 4&5 ROC Only

6. TBM Control Features • Stack Control • Read Number of Events on Stack • Read Stack Contents (non-destructively) • General Control • Switch Readout to 40 MHz or 20 MHz • Disable TBM Clock • Reset TBM • Analog Adjustments • Adjust Analog Levels • Disable Analog Output • Trigger Control • Inject Any Trigger Type • Ignore Incoming Triggers • Disable Trigger Outputs • Token Passing • Disable Token Passing • Reset Token Out

7. Control Link Dual TBM HUB mI2C TBM TBM 4 mI2C Ports Output Only ROC ROC ROC ROC Control Network Hub • Up to 32 hubs addressable. • 5 Ports per hub. • 4 mI2C (40 MHz) external  ROCs. • 1 mI2C (40 MHz) internal  TBMs. • Functions of addressed hub. • Selects addressed port. • Strips off byte containing hub/port address. Passes remainder. • Reflects data back to Front End Controller.

8. Analog sections Control sections Hub Stacks 4 mm 5.3 mm DMILL Dual TBM 1st (& only) Sub. 5/02 It Works!

9. 3 2 1 0 UBLK Trailer ID Header ID TBM Test Results Status Reg. Event # = 11 Token Pass • Power consumption 600 mW • core 140 mW • Differential Drivers 460 mW • 6 Tested / 5 Fully Functional • Header marker 3 “UBLK” + “1” • 8 Bit Event Number (4 Clocks) • Trailer marker 2 “UBLK” + 2 “1” • 8 Bit Status Word (4 Clocks)

10. TBM 1 TBM 2 Before Adjustment After Adjustment Analog Adjustability

11. Event Number Status Info Trailer ID Header ID 1 MHz Trigger Rate Expected Max CMS Trigger Rate = 100KHz

12. Hub Testing • Internal fast port - fully tested and functional • External fast ports - fully tested and functional mI2C Command Output From Port 0 Serial Data Serial Clock

13. Changes For 0.25 m • Reduce Power Consumption • Redesign LVDS Drivers • Minimize Clock Usage • Shut Down Clock when not needed • Limit use of Analog bus • Pass ROC Analog Through TBM • Analog Output Line Driver • Redesign Serial Protocol For CMS Optical Transceivers. • 8 Bit data + Complement Bit 8  4 Bit data + Complement Bit 4 • Request Modification to Optical Receiver Chip • Allow Transition Dual  Single TBM Operation

14. ROCs Readout token chip 1-8 ROC readout Half-Module Readout 1 Dual Mode S Half-Module Readout 2 Readout token chip 9-16 S ROC readout Readout token ROC readout Module Readout S Single Mode TBM ROC readout TBM Operation Modes

15. Single Event Upset Protected Latch Standard Latch [cm2] SEU cross section of 0.25mm Flipflop 300 MeV/c pion beam Standard: s =2 x 10-13 cm2 Protected: s =2 x 10-15 cm2 (284 ff per DTBM) 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-15 10-16 10-17 2.6 1.4 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2

16. 0.25 m Hub • IBM Process • 3 metal layers • MIMCaps • “Fast” Hub • Normally Part of TBM • Tested in Simulation with ROC Control Section • PSI Low Power LVDS Drivers • “Slow” Hub • Can reside on same control link as Fast hubs • Provides Control data for PLL & Laser Drivers Via I2c Protocol • Submitted June 2003 • Received: Sept. 19, 2003 “Fast” Hub “Slow” Hub

17. Divide By 256 1 to 7 Decoder Slow Clock Out Modifications 40 MHz Clock Start-Stop Odd Data Bits 1 to 7 Decoder Serial Data In Slow Data I/O 8 Bit Reg. Address Compare 7 to 1 Mux Serial Data Return Slow Hub Modified Version of Fast Hub

18. 0.25 m Dual TBM • IBM Process • 3 metal layers • MIMCaps • 3 voltage regulators • Core Digital • Analog • LVDS Drivers • Pad Dominated • Completed: October 2003 • CERN rules check now • Nov 10th MPW submission AnalogReadout AnalogPower Stacks Control Sections 4.4 mm Hub Regulators 3.2 mm

19. 2nd 0.25 m Version AnalogReadout • Fix any bugs? • Improvements • Rad-Hard regulator band gap reference • More flexibility in token passing (bypass non-responding ROC segment) • TBM Aout driver enhancements • Spring 2004 submission? AnalogPower Stacks Control Sections Hub Regulators

20. Conclusion • Dual TBM worked on first DMILL submission • 0.25 m Fast and Slow Hubs are Awaiting Testing • 0.25 m TBM Complete • 10 November 2003 MPW Submission • Second 0.25 m Prototype Submission Anticipated • Production TBM Available End of 2004