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PHOTOSYNTHESISAND RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESISAND RESPIRATION. REVIEW of FOOD, MATTER & ENERGY. Energy comes from the food we eat Energy is stored in bonds Living organisms refer to their energy as ATP (energy currency). Homeostasis. Internal stability an organism maintains

forrest-herrera
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PHOTOSYNTHESISAND RESPIRATION

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  1. PHOTOSYNTHESISAND RESPIRATION

  2. REVIEW of FOOD, MATTER & ENERGY • Energy comes from the food we eat • Energy is stored in bonds • Living organisms refer to their energy as ATP (energy currency)

  3. Homeostasis • Internal stability an organism maintains • Two biochemical processes needed for survival • Photosynthesis • Respiration

  4. WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS? a. Photosynthesis is the most common type of autotrophic (self-feeders) nutrition. • Ex. Autotrophs include plants, algae, flowers, trees b. Photosynthesis occurs in plants. c. During photosynthesis plants are actually making their own food. Animals are heterotrophs During Daylight hours www.brainpop.com

  5. Stroma Outer Membrane Thylakoid Granum Inner Membrane d. Chloroplastsare the site of photosynthesis. Label diagram

  6. Chloroplasts are green because they absorb red and blue light and reflect green • The chloroplasts contain a green pigment (color) called chlorophyll which traps the light energy to make "food". • These chlorophyll and colored pigments may be separated according to their various chemical charges by a technique known as chromatography. • Fall Colors??? • During the fall, the green chlorophyll pigments are greatly reduced revealing the other pigments. • Carotenoids are pigments that are either red or yellow.

  7. e. Plants are able to convert light energy into chemical bond energy (food) for their own use. Light Energy Chloroplast CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2

  8. f. Most of the oxygen in the air comes from photosynthesis. This is the earth’s major source of oxygen. g. The major source of energy is the sun.

  9. ADAPTATIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS a. Leaves are thin and flat so that they can easily absorb light. b. Some plants have a waxy coating (cuticle) to protect them from harm or water loss.

  10. On the underside of the leaf there are many tiny openings called the stomates. The stomates allow the exchange of water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. These openings are controlled by the guard cells. Exchanges water & gases Exchanges water & gases

  11. Oxygen (O2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and water • the ability of the guard cell to close during periods of limited water availability for the plant allows the plant to maintain water homeostasis and not dehydrate. LABEL the GUARD CELLS Open guard cells during the day Closed guard cells during the night stomate Stoma Open Stoma Closed

  12. THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS ·Chemical Reaction (chlorophyll & sunlight) • Water + carbon dioxide → Glucose + oxygen 6H2O + 6 CO2 → 1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 inorganic raw materials sugar waste product Memorize this equation

  13. SUN chlorophyll glucose a. Light energy absorbed by the chlorophyll is converted to chemical energy (ATP) which is used to make glucose (food/energy source). b. Glucose can be used to make other products such as waxes (lipids) and proteins. c. Oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 6H2O  1 C6H12O6 + 6O2

  14. Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis • The amounts of CO2, H2O, light, chlorophyll and temperature

  15. Review: EQUATIONFORPHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER OXYGEN 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY C6H12O6 + 6O2 CARBON DIOXIDE GLUCOSE

  16. AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION www.brainpop.com • Cellular Respiration:The release of energy from glucose by cells. a. There is a great deal of energy that is available in a glucose (sugar) molecule. b. This available source of energy (glucose) can not be used by the cells; it must be transferred into a usable form of energy. 24 hours/day

  17. Adenine Tri Phosphate • The process of respiration releases the energy found in glucose into a form that is usable by cells (ATP) to do work. d. Energy is released by the breakdown of chemical bonds in glucose is transferred into high energy bonds of ATP. When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released for the cell's use to obtain, transform, and transport materials, and to eliminate wastes

  18. (ATP-ase) water + ATP →  ADP + P + Energy • Cells“run” on ATP molecules. • This reaction is reversible and ADP can be converted back to ATP in cellular respiration. ATP ADP Energy Energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Partially charged battery Fully charged battery

  19. TYPES OF RESPIRATION (AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC) II. Anaerobic Respiration (food is not broken down completely) • This type of respiration requires no oxygen to be present and it takes place in the cytoplasm. b. Anaerobic respiration occurs in bacteria cells, yeast cells, and muscle cells. c. It is less efficient than aerobic respiration.

  20. Anaerobic Respiration in a Yeast Cell: (alcohol fermentation) • Glucose → 2 ethyl alcohols + 2CO2+ 2 ATP’s • used in baking and brewing 2. Anaerobic Respiration in a Muscle Cell: (lactic acidfermentation) • Glucose → 2 Lactic Acids + 2 ATP’s • Lactic acid is the cause of muscle fatigue

  21. III. Aerobic Respiration (food is broken down completely) a. Takes place in the mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell) where enzymes are present b. Requires the presence of oxygen. the mitochondria

  22. c. This is an enzyme controlled reaction where glucose molecules are broken down into carbon dioxide and water and 36 ATP’s (energy) are produced. d. More efficient than anaerobic respiration because more molecules of glucose are broken. Aerobic Respiration Formula • Glucose + Oxygen → Water + carbon dioxide + 36 ATP - or - 1 C6H1206 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP

  23. COPY & memorize this equation EQUATION FORRESPIRATION (CARBON DIOXIDE) (ENERGY) (GLUCOSE) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP (OXYGEN) (WATER)

  24. Overview of photosynthesis and respiration SUN RADIANT ENERGY CELL ACTIVITIES PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION GLUCOSE ATP(ENERGY)

  25. Follow up Questions • Where does aerobic respiration take place? 2. Which type of respiration is most efficient? 3. How many ATP’s are "made" during aerobic respiration?

  26. 4. What is cellular respiration? 5. Why is cellular respiration important? 6. Name one difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 7. How does a plant maintain water balance (homeostasis)? Be sure to use the words stomata and guard cell in your answer.

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