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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Erosion- Deposition Process Lesson 2 Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind Lesson 3 Mass Wasting and Glaciers Chapter Wrap-Up. Chapter Menu. How do erosion and deposition shape Earth’s surface?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Erosion- Deposition Process Lesson 2 Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind Lesson 3Mass Wasting and Glaciers Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Menu

  2. How do erosion and deposition shape Earth’s surface? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. Wind, water, ice, and gravity continually shape Earth’s surface. 2. Pieces of sediment in different sizes tend to mix when being moved along by water. 3. A beach is a landform that does not change over time. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4.Windblown sediment can cut and polish exposed rock surfaces. 5. Landslides are a natural process that cannot be influenced by human activities. 6. A glacier leaves behind very smooth land as it moves through an area. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. The Erosion-Deposition Process • How can erosion shape and sort sediment? • How are erosion and deposition related? • What features suggest whether erosion or deposition created a landform? Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

  7. The Erosion-Deposition Process • erosion • deposition Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  8. Reshaping Earth’s Surface • A combination of constructive processes and destructive processes produce landforms. • Constructive processes build up features on Earth’s surface. • Destructive processes tear down features on Earth’s surface. Lesson 1-1

  9. The breakdown of rock—weathering—is one type of destructive process that changes Earth’s surface. Lesson 1-2

  10. A Continual Process of Change • Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of rock. • Physical weathering is the breaking of rock into pieces, called sediment, without changing the chemical composition of the rock. • Water, wind, and ice are agents, or causes, of weathering. Lesson 1-2

  11. A Continual Process of Change (cont.) • The mineral composition of some rocks makes them less resistant than others are to weathering. • The difference in the rate of weathering can produce unusual landforms. Lesson 1-2

  12. Lesson 1-2

  13. Erosion • Erosion is the removal of weathered material from one location to another. • Agents of erosion include water, wind, glaciers, and gravity. • Factors that affect the rate of erosion include weather, climate, shape of the land, and type of rock. Lesson 1-2

  14. Erosion (cont.) • The presence of plants and the way humans use the land affect the rate of erosion. • The rate of erosion sometimes depends on the type of rock. • Weathering breaks some types of rock into large pieces. Other rock types easily break into smaller pieces that are more easily transported. Lesson 1-2

  15. Erosion (cont.) As rock fragments bump against each other during erosion, the shapes of the fragments can change. How can erosion affect the shape of sediment? Lesson 1-2

  16. Erosion (cont.) • Erosion also affects the level of sorting—separating of items into groups according to one or more properties—of sediment. • Sediment is often well-sorted when it has been moved a lot by wind or waves. Lesson 1-2

  17. Erosion (cont.) Poorly sorted sediment often results from rapid transportation, perhaps by a storm, a flash flood, or a volcanic eruption. How can erosion sort sediment? Lesson 1-2

  18. Deposition Deposition is the laying down or settling of eroded material. deposition from French deposer, means “put down” Lesson 1-2

  19. Deposition (cont.) • As water or wind slows down, it has less energy and can hold less sediment, which can result in some of the sediment being deposited. • Sediment is deposited in locations called depositional environments, such as swamps, deltas, beaches, and the ocean floor. Lesson 1-2

  20. Deposition (cont.) • High-energy environments, like rushing rivers and ocean shores with large waves, are those in which sediment is transported and deposited quickly. • Small grains of sediment are often deposited in low-energy environments, like deep lakes, areas of slow-moving air, and swamps. • Sediment deposited in water typically forms layers called beds. Lesson 1-2

  21. Deposition (cont.) How are erosion and deposition related? Lesson 1-2

  22. Interpreting Landforms • Landforms can have features that are clearly produced by erosion. • Different rates of erosion can create unusual landforms like tall, protruding landforms called hoodoos. • Glacial erosion can produce ice-carved features in mountains. Lesson 1-3

  23. Interpreting Landforms(cont.) • Landforms created by deposition are often flat and low-lying. • An apron of sediment, called an alluvial fan, often forms where a stream flows from a steep, narrow canyon onto a flat plain at the foot of a mountain. Lesson 1-3

  24. Interpreting Landforms(cont.) Deposition along a riverbed occurs where the speed of the water slows down and can result in a sandbar. What features suggest whether erosion or deposition created a landform? Lesson 1-3

  25. Erosion occurring at different rates can carve rock into interesting landforms. • Rock fragments with rough edges are rounded during transportation. • Landforms created by deposition are often flat and low-lying. Lesson 1 - VS

  26. Which of these refers to the breaking of rocks into sediment without changing the chemical composition of the rock? A. chemical weathering B. physical weathering C. deposition D. erosion Lesson 1 – LR1

  27. Which is an example of a low-energy environment? A. swamp B. rushing river C. ocean shore with large waves D. none of the above Lesson 1 – LR2

  28. Which term refers to the laying down or settling of eroded material? A. erosion B. sediment C. weathering D. deposition Lesson 1 – LR3

  29. 1. Wind, water, ice, and gravity continually shape Earth’s surface. 2. Pieces of sediment in different sizes tend to mix when being moved along by water. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1 - Now

  30. Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind • What are the stages of stream development? • How do water erosion and deposition change Earth’s surface? • How do wind erosion and deposition change Earth’s surface? Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

  31. Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind • abrasion • dune • loess • meander • longshore current • delta Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  32. Shaping the Land with Water and Wind • Water and wind are two important agents of weathering, erosion, and deposition. • Erosion by water and wind can change the shape of landforms. Lesson 2-1

  33. Water Erosion and Deposition • Streams are active systems that erode land and transport sediment. • The erosion produced by a stream depends on the stream’s energy. This energy is usually greatest in steep, mountainous areas where young streams flow rapidly downhill. • Water from a young stream slows down as it reaches gentler slopes and is then called a mature stream. Lesson 2-2

  34. Water Erosion and Deposition(cont.) • A meander is a broad, C-shaped curve in a stream. • A stream moves slowly when it reaches flat land and is then called an old stream. • As time passes, erosion of the outside bend of a meander, where water is flowing more quickly, occurs. Deposition occurs on the inside bend, where water flows more slowly. Lesson 2-2

  35. Over time, meanders change shape due to erosion and deposition. Lesson 2-2

  36. Water Erosion and Deposition(cont.) Describe the stream development stages. Lesson 2-2

  37. Water Erosion and Deposition(cont.) • Waves crashing into shore erode loose sand, gravel, and rock along coastlines. • A longshore current is a current that flows parallel to the shoreline. • This current moves sediment and continually changes the size and shape of beaches. Lesson 2-2

  38. Water Erosion and Deposition(cont.) Water erosion can also form caves, stacks, and arches. How does water erosion change Earth’s surface? Lesson 2-2

  39. Water Erosion and Deposition(cont.) • Flowing water deposits sediment as the water slows down. • Slower-moving water deposits sediment on the inside curves of meanders. • A delta is a large deposit of sediment that forms where a stream enters a large body of water. Lesson 2-2

  40. Water Erosion and Deposition(cont.) • Much of the sand on most ocean beaches was originally deposited by rivers. • Longshore currents transport the sand along ocean coasts and deposit it where the currents have less energy. Lesson 2-2

  41. Water Erosion and Deposition(cont.) Water deposition forms many structures within caves. How does water deposition change Earth’s surface? Lesson 2-2

  42. Water Erosion and Deposition(cont.) • Ocean waves can erode beaches by removing sediment. • To reduce erosion, people sometimes build structures such as retaining walls or groins. • Reducing or removing vegetation from the land surface is one of the most common ways that surface erosion is increased. Lesson 2-2

  43. Wind Erosion and Deposition • Abrasion is the grinding away of rock or other surfaces as particles carried by wind, water, or ice scrape against them. • A duneis a pile of wind-blown sand. Lesson 2-3

  44. Wind Erosion and Deposition(cont.) Loess is a crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay. loess from Swiss German Lösch, means “loose” Lesson 2-3

  45. Wind Erosion and Deposition(cont.) Plowed fields and dry, overgrazed pastures are two ways in which people contribute to wind erosion. How do wind erosion and deposition change Earth’s surface? Lesson 2-3

  46. Water erosion changes Earth’s surface. An example of this is the change in features of a stream over time. • Water transports sediment and deposits it in places where the speed of the water decreases. • Wind erosion can change Earth’s surface by moving sediment. A dune and loess are two types of wind deposition. Lesson 2 - VS

  47. Which term refers to the grinding away of rock or other surfaces as particles carried by wind, water, or ice scrape against them? A. meander B. delta C. longshore current D. abrasion Lesson 2 – LR1

  48. Which is a pile of wind-blown sand? A. loess B. dune C. delta D. meander Lesson 2 – LR2

  49. What is a current that flows parallel to the shoreline? A. meander B. delta C. longshore current D. loess Lesson 2 – LR3

  50. Do you agree or disagree? 3. A beach is a landform that does not change over time. 4. Windblown sediment can cut and polish exposed rock surfaces. Lesson 2 - Now

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