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Exploring Global Language Families and Development

Delve into the world of languages, from classification and distribution to development and extinction. Learn about major language families, dialect distribution, language origins, and the impact of cultural contact and economic development on languages.

francis-mcneil
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Exploring Global Language Families and Development

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  1. Language Intro – 7,000 globally A. Define Why geographers care Classification Families – Indo-European, Sino-Tibean search for “superfamily” Isolates

  2. Language Family Trees Fig. 5-12: Family trees and estimated numbers of speakers for the main world language families.

  3. Branches – subfamily • (Romance, Germanic) • common words • C. "Leaves" - groups • Most important - Mandarin, Hindi, Spanish • English • D. Dialect

  4. Distribution of Families • A. Indo-European - 48% world speakers • 1. Main branches • 2. Origin - 2 theories • a. conquest - Kurgan • b. Agriculture- Anatolian • 3. Distribution

  5. Origins of Indo-European

  6. B. Sino-Tibetan- 26% 1. Distribution 2. Origins C. Afro-Asiatic - 6% 1. Origin 2. Distribution D. African (Niger-Congo) - 3% Xhosa

  7. E. Borders - isogloss - Fig 5-4 (US)

  8. IV. Language development A. Environment 1. Vocabulary /method Silbo 2. Diffusion 3. Preservation/extinction - refuge, shatter belts

  9. B. Culture contact 1. Pidgin 2. Creole Ex. - Tok Pisin 3. Lingua franca 4. Loan words - Franglais, Spanglish

  10. Language extinction • Technology • Econonic Development Model • C. Colonialism - assimilation

  11. VI. Language as centripetal/centrifugal force • Define - centripetal, centrifugal • Centrifugal • Canada (FIG 5-18) • Former Yugoslavia • C. Toponymes • C. Centripetal • US - US languages • EU - 23 official languages

  12. English - • Origin • British/Celtic • Old English • Middle English - • B. Diffusion

  13. US dialects – • Northern Midland Southern • Ebonics http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/map/map.html

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