Laser heating in DAC for mantle melting

1. High Pressure Synergetic Consortium at Advanced Photon Source Mission: high risk, high return, high pressure synchrotron radiation science and technique developments by combining the extreme conditions(P,T,H) with SR spectroscopy, scattering, imaging and dynamics studies Watching time resolved nanocrystal grow Quantum criticality in Cr XANES: 4f deloca-lization induced polyamorphous Nano-Y2O3 amorphization revealed by high energy PDF Polyamorphous induced by 4f delocalization High resolution 3d tomography on HP-HT quenched (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Advantage of SR: High brilliance Tunable High spatial res. High energy High energy res. Coherent Polarization Time resolved IXS on solid Helium Laser heating in DAC for mantle melting DAC APS New H2-O2 alloy formed by x-ray irradiation DAC at XMCD for magnetic probe In situ transport measurements Nanoprobe at Mbar Wired simple oxygen molecule under HP

2. To best combine next generation of high pressure techniques with SR, we like to explore the following directions to pursue next level of HP sciences: Building a modern lab system Providing advanced gasket materials: depending the designed experiment, specific designed gaskets could provide larger volume, better signal to noise ratio, x-ray transparent and strain free gasket. Needs: up to 10 Gpa pressure, femtosecond paused laser cutting machine, fine polishing machine. New generation anvils for ultra-high pressure: to reach tera-pascle pressure, two levels of diamond anvil system could be used like in MVP; the minianvils need high precision machining and sample chamber will be only a few microns; a micro-robot is needed for sample handling. Building a suite of high precision portable system Portable high precision Raman system: for in-situ ultra-high pressure calibration (diamond Raman) and bonding vibration; Portable nano-to-micron probe control unit with tunable compact monochromator: such a system would allow one to run multi-scale experiment with desired energy in any white or pink beam station and pre-designed sample stages/detector geometry; Fast area detector and streak camera: for different level time resolved (ps to ms) experiment; Portable fast paused laser pump-probe system: extend to warm/hot condense matter region; Portable PPMS system to probe transport properties; Portable ultra-low temperature cryostat: reach mK region with in-situ x-rays studies. Forming a routine science driving collaboration/exchanging environment

3. Budgeting Near term (1-3 years): $2M/year, $ 6M total (EFree provides ~$1M/year) establish the lab and exchanging program. Outside source: APS provides 1.5 lab + 12 office spaces + 2 personnel (1 postdoc+1 staff scientist) + opportunity for short term visiting scientist program + all office services; NSF MRI grand; DOE Efree support; national and international collaboration projects. Intermediate term (5 years): continue support with $3M/year for year 4 and 5 to build up a facilitated science driving HP consortium with most inventory of state-of-the-art portable systems and supplies. By the end of 5 years, we expect to build our reputation, and form a well-recognized team to lead HP-SR studies and serve the HP community. Long term (10 years): after the first 5 years accumulation, HPSynC should be grown to a gateway to many research areas, covering geophysics, materials science, biology, chemistry, planetology and astrology. Continuous support at $3M/year will make HPSynC grow health and steady. By the end of 10 years, we expect to have built both the modern lab and portable suite for SR-HP studies. These properties worth ~$20M. Then we expect $0.5M/year for consumable supplies and $0.5M/year for exchanging/visiting program. As part of EON (Extremes Observatory Network), we expect Carnegie’s long-term support as one of the Geophysical Laboratory’s core programs. At mean time, we will actively apply funds from various funding agencies (NSF, DOE, NASA and international collaborations).