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Enhanced Watermarking Protocol for Anonymous Buyer-Seller Transactions

Explore an innovative watermarking protocol addressing unbinding problems, enhancing buyer’s privacy and seller accountability. The protocol introduces one-time key pairs, ensuring secure and efficient interactions between buyers and sellers.

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Enhanced Watermarking Protocol for Anonymous Buyer-Seller Transactions

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  1. An Efficient and Anonymous Buyer-Seller Watermarking ProtocolC. L. Lei, P. L. Yu, P. L. Tsai and M. H. Chan, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, VOL. 13, NO. 12, December 2004 Multimedia Security

  2. Outline • Customer’s Right Problem • Buyer-Seller Watermarking Protocol • Unbinding Problem • The Proposed Watermarking Protocol • Discussion

  3. Customer’s Right Problem • In traditional watermarking scenarios, the seller is entitled to the responsibility of generating and inserting digital watermarks. As a result, the seller is granted access to each watermarked copy. • A malicious seller can easily frame the buyer by releasing corresponding watermarked copy afterwards.

  4. Memon and Wong’s Protocol EB(W’)=P(EB(W)) EB(X’)=EB(X+W’)= EB(X)+EB(W’) SignWCA(EB(W)) Privacy Homomorphism W SignWCA(EB(W)) B & IDB X’=DB-1(EB(X’))

  5. Memon and Wong’s Protocol

  6. Memon and Wong’s Protocol

  7. Memon and Wong’s Protocol

  8. Unbinding Problem • Failure to bind a watermark to a certain piece of content • U’=U+P1(W1), V’=V+P2(W2) • If Seller gets V’, P2(W2) is available to seller. • EB(U+P2(W2)) now can be generated

  9. Roles • S: seller • B: buyer • CA: A trusted certification authority, issuing anonymous certificate • WCA: a trusted watermark certificate authority • ARB: arbiter

  10. Notations • (pkI, skI) : a public-private key pair for owner I • (pk*, sk*): a one-time key pair • SignI(M): digital signature of message M signed by I • DskI /EpkI : Decryption and encryption function • X+W: watermarked version of X, + standards for watermark insertion • ARG: common agreement between buyer and seller, negotiated in advance

  11. Registration Protocol • B first sends a randomly selected pkB to CA. When CA receives pkB,, it generates an anonymous certificate CertCA(pkB) and sends it back to B. • The registration process can be skipped if anonymity is not a concern

  12. The Proposed Protocol

  13. The Proposed Protocol X’=X+V Epk*(X’’)=Epk*(X’+W)=Epk*(X’)+Epk*(W) Store sales records

  14. The Proposed Protocol

  15. The Proposed Protocol

  16. The Proposed Protocol

  17. The Proposed Protocol

  18. The Proposed Protocol

  19. The Proposed Protocol

  20. Identification and Arbitration Y, X’, CertCA(pkB), CertpkB(pk*), ARG, Signpk*(ARG), Epk*(W), Epkwca(W), SignWCA(Epk*(W), pk*, Signpk*(ARG)) W Arbiter WCA Seller Buyer using pk* CA

  21. Solving Unbinding Problem • SignWCA(Epk*(W), pk*, Signpk*(ARG)) explicitly binds W to ARG • By introducing the one-time key pairs, it is impossible for S to fool B.

  22. Accomplishment of Other Goals • Buyer’s privacy is well protected by using anonymous certificate. • Only one communication with seller is required for the buyer now • Trusted third parties are capable of making appropriate adjudications, no cooperation from buyer is required. • The WCA gets information about the digital content, thus a more robust watermark may be tailored.

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