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Beef Cattle Introduction and Breeds

Beef Cattle Introduction and Breeds. Advanced Animal Science Reeves. Characteristics of the Beef Industry. Segmented Industry 1. Cow/ Calf- commercial and purebred. They are the dictators of what's to come. 2. Stocker- graze phase 300-400#. Pays on gain (per lb).

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Beef Cattle Introduction and Breeds

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  1. Beef Cattle Introduction and Breeds Advanced Animal Science Reeves

  2. Characteristics of the Beef Industry • Segmented Industry 1. Cow/ Calf- commercial and purebred. They are the dictators of what's to come. 2. Stocker- graze phase 300-400#. Pays on gain (per lb). 3. Feedlot - Heavy weight cattle, confined operation 400-500# 4. Packer - “enemy,” Take feedlot cattle, grade them, sent out as boxed beef. 5. Purveyor- distributor 6. Retailer - HEB, Kroger, Randalls 7. Consumer- $5-6/ lb

  3. Characteristics of the Beef Industry • Cow/ Calf - • Texas = 14.1 million (ranks #1, makes up 14% of the total US beef) • Kansas = 6.5 million • Nebraska = 6.5 million • Feedlot- 1. Texas 2.6 million 2. Kansas 2.2 million 3. Nebraska 2.2 million 4. Missouri 2.1 million

  4. Breed Selection • 2 Main Factors • 1. Genetics • 2. Environment • Genetics • Determine advantages, disadvantages, then market ability. • Certified Angus Beef (50% Black, typical beef type, no floppy ear or hump larger than 4”, carcass avg choice or better, yield of 3 or better) • Environmental • Geographical environment, management env. And personal preference

  5. Breed Selection • Production Criteria 1. Mature Size - will it fit the environment? Do not outgrow your environment. 2. Milk production - as milking ability increases, the nutritional requirements increase. (Ex. Simmental) 3. Muscle Amount - as we increase muscling, fertility rate decreases. (higher muscle results in distocia in males and females) 4. Sexual Maturity - age at puberty, when is the 1st ovulation 5. Management efficiency - easy keeper, foraging ability 6. Biological Specie- Bos Indicus vs. Bos Taurus

  6. Bos Indicus Humped Breeds Advantages Heat resistant resistant to parasites Disadvantages less adaptable to cold lower reproductive efficiency Bos Taurus Non Humped Breeds Advantages Cold resistant higher repro efficiency Disadvantages heat tolerance low susceptible to disease Bos Indicus vs. Bos Taurus

  7. Breed Selection • British/ English • Angus, Shorthorn, Red Angus, Hereford, Polled Hereford • European/ Continental • Simmental, Gelbvieh, Salers, Maine Anjou, Chianina, Pinzgauer • American • Brangus, Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis, Brahmousin, Beefmaster, Braford

  8. Hybrid Vigor • The crossing of 2 totally different breeds. • We calculate it to give us an idea of heritability of traits (such as color, muscle, milk, reproduction) • F1 have the most expression HV Calculating HV ww of offspring - Average ww of parents/ average ww of parents *100 = %HVWW ww= weaning weight (the weight at which an animal is taken off of the milk from mother)

  9. Hybrid Vigor Example: Brahman Bull = 480 ww Hereford Cow = 500 ww F1 Calf = 525 480+500= 980 525- 490/490 * 100 = 7.14% 7%HV *If the ww of offspring is less than the best parent crossbreeding is useless.

  10. English/ British Breeds

  11. Angus • Originated in Scotland • Taurus • solid Black or red • Polled • Came to America in 1873 • resistant to harsh weather • Early maturing

  12. Hereford • Originated in Hereford, England • Red with white head, legs, and underline • Purebred • Early maturing • Good tempered • 1817 Henry Clay

  13. Polled Hereford • Registered American Breed, Iowa 1901 • Red and White body, brisket and underside • Naturally horn-less • developed as an idea

  14. Shorthorn • Originated in England • Red; red & white or roan in color • Originally used as a dual purpose breed for meat and milk • Sometimes called the Durham breed

  15. Simmental • Originated in Switzerland • Oldest breed of cattle in the world • Large, powerful breed • Brought to the United States in 1971 • AKA: Fleck

  16. European Breeds

  17. Gelbvieh • Originated in Germany • Red in color, gold to rust • Dual Purpose breed, milk and meat • adaptable to broad range in climate • 4 most numerous breed • Noted for superior fertility and mothering ability

  18. Charolais • Originated in France • Traditionally white in color • Long bodied, large cattle • Heavily muscled • Coarse looking

  19. Maine Anjou • Originated in Northwest France • Dark red with white markings or black • Developed by crossing the Durham and Mancelle breed • Bulls 2200- 3100# • Name came from river valleys

  20. Chianina • Originated in West Central Italy • One of the oldest breeds of cattle • Draft animals • Tallest breed of beef cattle • Short hair that is white to steel gray • Terminal breed • high heat tolerance

  21. Brahman • Originated in India • Able to survive on very little, poor feed • Insect & heat resistant • Excess skin and large hump on back • White to gray, red to black • Sweat glands

  22. Pinzgauer • Originated in European. • Red and white • Austrian name • good meat production • Certified Pinzgauers have a white tail and red face.

  23. Salers • Originated in South Central France • Purebred • milk and meat • Typically Horned, polled red or black available. • Depicted in cave dwellings 7k yrs ago. • Survive in rough rocky terrain and harsh damp climates • major contributor to American meat market

  24. Belgian Blue • Originated in Europe • Red and Black Pide with Shorthorn • Taurus • White, blue roan, some black, • Double muscled • Beef and milk • late maturing, mild temper

  25. Limousin • Originated in South Central France • Indicus • Golden red • Sturdy and adaptable • Dual purpose meat and work • Butchers animal • Isolated breed, genetic interference is not a problem

  26. American Breeds

  27. Braford • Originated in Florida • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Hereford • White face with red body and red eye patches

  28. Texas Longhorn • Developed entirely by nature in North America • Known for its long horns • High fertility • Were near extinction in 1927

  29. Santa Gertrudis • Developed on the King Ranch in Texas • All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of the bull, Monkey • 3/8 Brahman bulls, 5/8 Shorthorn cows • hair is long in cold climates and short in hot climates • Direct descendant from bull Monkey • Feedlot efficient

  30. Brahmousin • American • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Limousin • Purebred • Dark mahogany to light tan color • at least 1/4 Limousin And 1/4 Brahman to be recorded

  31. Red Brangus • Originated in So. Texas • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus • developed in 30’s • Bulls breed till 10 yrs • Cows till 14 yrs

  32. Simbrah • Developed in humid areas along the Gulf Coast • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Simmental • Known as “The All Purpose American Breed” • High fertility and Early maturing

  33. Beefmaster • Originated Lasater Ranch, American • 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Shorthorn, 1/2 Brahman • Brownish Red most common • 6 essentials • Weight • Conformation • Milking ability • Fertility • Hardiness • Disposition

  34. Brangus • Originated in US 1932, USDA experiment station in LA. • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus • solid black, can be red • calves are large • adaptable to all climates • good mothering ability • good feedlot efficiency

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