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Chapter 21 sections 4 and 5

Chapter 21 sections 4 and 5. MLK. Fourth generation Minister Rose to prominence during the Montgomery Bus Boycott The most important Civil Rights Movement leader. Sought to awaken moderate Americans Lived with constant death threats and physical intimidation. Kennedy and Civil Rights.

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Chapter 21 sections 4 and 5

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  1. Chapter 21sections 4 and 5

  2. MLK • Fourth generation Minister • Rose to prominence during the Montgomery Bus Boycott • The most important Civil Rights Movement leader

  3. Sought to awaken moderate Americans • Lived with constant death threats and physical intimidation

  4. Kennedy and Civil Rights • Actively courted black votes • Proposed Civil Rights legislation, but was blocked by Southern Congressmen

  5. Was accused to have moved slowly on Civil Rights issues • Kennedy did not want to lose Congressional Support.

  6. March on Washington - 1963 • “March for Jobs and Freedom” • Opposed by Kennedy, who didn’t want to alienate southern congressmen

  7. Scorned by many Black Nationalist Groups • Became a very powerful symbol

  8. “I Have a Dream” speech

  9. Johnson and Civil rights • Picked up where Kennedy left off • Johnson did MUCH more than Kennedy did on Civil Rights legislation

  10. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 • Banned different voting standards • Banned discriminations in public places • Banned discrimination on the base of race, sex, age, religion or nation of origin

  11. “We have lost the south for a generation”. - LBJ

  12. Freedom Summer - 1964 • Mostly college students (white and black) • Sought to register voters

  13. Subject to extreme violence • Churches and houses were burned and bombed • James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerman were murdered

  14. Selma • Protest led by MLK • Violence against protestors • LBJ supports with federal troops

  15. Led to important legislation: • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Federal officials could register voters • 24th Amendment • Banned Poll taxes

  16. The Rise of Black Nationalism

  17. The Rise of Black Nationalism • Many disavowed non-violence, felt it did not work, or took too long. • “We shall overcome” became “We shall overrun”

  18. Malcolm X • Born to activist parents • Outstanding student in Junior High, dropped out • Turned to a life of “hustling”

  19. Joins Nation of Islam in Prison • Emerges from prison with a purpose • Very critical of MLK and non-violence, very distrusting of white society.

  20. "At one time the whites in the United States called him a racialist, and extremist, and a Communist. Then the Black Muslims came along and the whites thanked the Lord for Martin Luther King."

  21. Black Power Movement • Sought to build up black pride and black communities • Arose from members of the SNCC; leader of Black Power Movement was Stokley Carmichael • Shared views with Malcolm X • Group foundation was a reaction to violence blacks had been through in their “non-violent” approach. • Members were almost exclusively black. No more white college students.

  22. Race Riots of 1964-1965 Black leaders were becoming more impatient and advocated a more violent stance because of continued de facto segregation. Blacks began to see white law officers as an occupying enemy army. Small disputes began growing into days of riots by African-Americans. New York 1964 and Watts, California 1965. Peaceful slogans like “We Shall Over Come” gave way to “Burn Baby Burn” New York City and suburbs Watts (Los Angeles), California

  23. Black Panthers • Most influential Black Nationalist group • Originally created to monitor police in California • Members sought to • Rebuild communities • Set up “Survival Programs” • Lead by Bobby Seale & Huey Newton

  24. Clashed with police, violence was not uncommon

  25. Malcolm X - continued • Prominent leader of Nation of Islam, then splits from group • Goes on Hajj (pilgrimage)

  26. Returns a different man • More inclusive to whites, and other groups • Blacks still have the right to defend themselves • 1965 – Allegedly Assassinated by the Nation of Islam

  27. 1968 • Assassinations of MLK leads to widespread rioting and disillusionment. • The Civil Rights movement is robbed of its most prominent leaders

  28. LBJ does not run for re-election • RFK assassinated

  29. Tensions run high throughout the country; minor incidents set off riots that last for days, and destroy black neighborhoods.

  30. Civil Rights reform Stalls after 1968 • Black officials up 90% • Thurgood Marshall becomes a Supreme Court justice

  31. Black Mayors in many cities • Shirley Chisholm was the first black woman elected to Congress

  32. Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement • Barbara Jordan (Texas) 1st Black State Senator in Texas since Reconstruction, later US Congresswoman

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