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Oceans

Oceans. SPI 0507.8.1 Describe the effects of the oceans on weather and climate. Group Assignment. Each group will be given two locations of similar latitudes. One location in is a coastal area; the other is landlocked. Two students from each group should go to www.weather.com

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Oceans

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  1. Oceans SPI 0507.8.1 Describe the effects of the oceans on weather and climate.

  2. Group Assignment • Each group will be given two locations of similar latitudes. One location in is a coastal area; the other is landlocked. • Two students from each group should go to www.weather.com • Student 1 - Find the average monthly temperatures for your landlocked location. • Student 2 - Find the average monthly temperatures for your coastal location.

  3. Assignment Part 2 • Student 3 - Go to Create-a-Graph http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createagraph/ • You are to create a line graph with the following: • 12 items – Label these: • Jan Feb Mar . . . Dec • 4 groups – Label these: • Name of Location #1 High • Name of Location #1 Low • Name of Location #2 High • Name of Location #2 Low • With the color picker choose a light and dark of the same color for each location. Example dark blue and light blue for Location 1 and dark red and light red for Location 2.

  4. Assignment Part 2 Continued • Give your graph a title. Be sure to include the names of your locations in this title. • Label your X Axis • Months • Label your Y Axis • Average Monthly Temperatures • As students 1 and 2 read the average highs and lows of your locations, type them into the value areas. • Once all the information is typed into your graph, it should look similar to the one on the next slide.

  5. Reporting • Is there a difference in temperatures between the landlocked location and the coastal location? • How do the temperatures compare in the winter months? summer months? • For the group with Mountain City -- What factor influences the temperature of Mountain City? Be prepared to report your findings to the class.

  6. Precipitation Repeat the steps in Slides 1 – 6 with the precipitation averages of each location. This time you will need only 2 groups instead of 4.

  7. Understanding Climate Differences Reason #1 Sea Breezes and Land Breezes

  8. http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/ Everything in the world is made of molecules. These molecules move differently depending on their state - solid, liquid, or gas.

  9. Density The density of solids does not change. Solids will keep their shape even when moved.

  10. Density The density of liquids changes slightly. Liquids will change shape, but are still bound together. If you spill a glass of water the water will change shapes and puddle, but the water will remain together.

  11. Density The molecules in gases are not bound at all. They are free to move about and will only stop when they are confined to a container or by gravity.

  12. Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric pressure is a little difficult to understand because it can’t be seen, heard, smelled, or felt. However, it is very important on the weather. Atmospheric pressure is the force the atmosphere pushes on the objects located within it. The reason we don’t feel this pressure is because our bodies have enough gases within them that we push back on the atmosphere with an equal force.

  13. High or Low Pressure When the atmosphere presses down with more force, we say that it is a high pressure. High pressure is when the molecules in the atmosphere are more tightly packed together. When the atmosphere presses in with less force we say that there is a low pressure in the area. Low pressure is when the molecules in the atmosphere are more loosely packed together.

  14. Temperature When the atmosphere is heated it expands. The density of the gas molecules lessons creating a lower pressure.

  15. Wind • Gases in the air move around trying to equalize the pressure. When a low pressure area is next to a high pressure area, the gases will move from the high to low pressure areas to try of equalize the pressure. • The moving about of these gases is wind. • Remember winds blow from High  Low.

  16. Water Water, unlike air and land, does not change temperature quickly. It can absorb a lot of heat energy before the temperature of the water changes. The same is true in reverse. Water must lose a lot of heat energy before it cools noticeably.

  17. Sea Breezes • During the day the sun heats the land quickly. As the land heats, the air above the land is heated. The hot air rises becoming less dense creating a low pressure. The air over the sea is cooler because it takes much longer to heat water. The air over the sea keeps its high pressure. • High  Low • The differences in pressure creates wind or a breeze. Winds blow from the sea to the land to try to equalize the pressure. This is called a sea breeze.

  18. Land Breeze • At night the land cools rapidly. Because the air of the sea is warmer, the wind's direction changes. The cooler heavier air over the land forms a high pressure causing the air to move towards the sea where the air pressure is lower. This is called a land breeze. • High  Low

  19. Land and Sea Breezes Interactive http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/oceans_weather_climate/media/sea_and_land_breeze.swf http://www.meteo.psu.edu/~nese/sea_breeze.swf http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm http://library.thinkquest.org/C001472/en/interactive/flash/seabreeze.swf

  20. Wind Challenge – Sea Breeze • http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/weather/wind/swf/wind.swf

  21. Experiment *Colored Convection with Wendy Wind* http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/kids/activities.php

  22. Graphic Organizer Create a graphic organizer for you science notebook. • http://www.answers.com/topic/sea-land-breezes • http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7o.html

  23. Understanding Climate Differences Reason #2 Ocean and Wind Currents

  24. Coastal Climate Remember - Water takes much longer to heat up or cool down. Because of this land areas near oceans have a milder climate. They are warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.

  25. Currents • Ocean currents are like large rivers that run within the ocean. • Without this motion the equator regions would be much warmer and the polar regions would be much colder.

  26. http://www.galapagosonline.com/Galapagos_Natural_History/Oceanography/Currents.htmlhttp://www.galapagosonline.com/Galapagos_Natural_History/Oceanography/Currents.html

  27. Animation • http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/oceans_weather_climate/media/ocean_circulation.swf

  28. Currents Both the atmosphere and the ocean are in constant motion.

  29. Proof • Go to www.weather.com and look at the average temperatures for London, England (latitude 51.5002) • Compare this to Calgary, Alberta, Canada (latitude 51.0551)

  30. Brain Pop on Ocean Currents http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/oceancurrents/

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