Lifelong Learning: World Bank Perspective

1. Lifelong Learning: World Bank Perspective Gwang-Jo Kim World Bank UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

2. Outline • KE, Education and Learning • Elements of Lifelong Learning • Lifelong Learning Project: Chile • Lifelong Learning Indicators • Conclusions UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

3. Trends of Knowledge Economy • Rapid and continuous change • Susceptible to global movements of capital • Function of global trading agreements • Quality of products/services as important as price • Organizational changes at firm level • Short job tenure in competitive sectors • Fundamentals of macro stability, openness, competition, good governance UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

4. Four Pillars of Knowledge Economy • Economic incentive and institutional regime: incentives for the efficient use of existing and new knowledge and the flourishing of entrepreneurship • Educated, creative and skilled people • Dynamic information infrastructure • Effective national innovation system UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

5. Implications for Education and Learning • Knowledge economy puts premium on learning and skills • Increased access to learning –home, school, job – through multiple learning mechanisms • Chances of lagging further behind – “Digital Divide” • Transformation of education and training – contents, delivery, quality, articulation,… UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

6. Then Information based Rote learning Teacher directed Just in case Formal education only Directive based Learn at a given age Terminal education Now Knowledge creation/application Analysis and synthesis Collaborative learning Just in time Variety of learning modes Initiative based Incentives, motivation to learn Lifelong learning Learning in the Knowledge Economy UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

7. A System of Lifelong Learning • New skills and competences • New pathways to learning • Governance system • Financing options UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

8. New Skills and Competences • Traditional academic skills • Literacy, numeracy, • Science, technology/ICT, international language • Emerging need for a different set of skills • self-regulated learning • tolerance for ambiguity • creative thinking • ability to work in a team • learning how to learn UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

9. New Pathways to Learning • Increased access to learning opportunities • Variety of ways learners can learn • Increased access to knowledge resources • Additional/diverse learning modalities • Modular, Part-time, Distance/e-learning,.. • Different approach to learning (pedagogy) • Changing role of teachers, curricula, technology UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

10. Governance of LLL: Challenges UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

11. LLL Governance: Way Forward UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

12. Financing LLL: Challenges • Expenditures increase, public resources limited • Priority for public: basic education • Balance between subsidies and market mechanisms given that • Benefits both private and public • Access to capital uneven UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

13. Financing Options UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

14. LLL Projects: the Case of Chile • Context: educational inequity, lack of post-secondary policy and strategy, inappropriate training system, lack of connectivity bet. education, training and labor market • Unique Characteristics of the education system: • Continuity of what works • Start small (piloting) • Evaluation of pilots by qualified independent individuals and/or institutions • Fine tune pilots and scale up (learning by doing) • Gradual incremental approach UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

15. Chile-LLL and Training Project • US$ 150m (WB 50%) project began in 2003 • Improve the skill level of the labor force • Project Components: • Providing new opportunities for LLL and training – US$59.2 m (Equity and Persistence) • Improving the quality and increasing the coverage of technical-professional education -US$41.4m (Pertinence, Quality, and to a certain degree, Efficiency) • Establishing instruments to support the provision of a LLL and training services - US$33.9m (Governability) • Institutional strengthening - US$15.5m (Governability) UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

16. LLL Indicators: Rationale • LLL requires an education/training system reform beyond conventional framework • Traditional indicators not adequate • New indicators to assess the readiness of a country for lifelong learning needed • Many efforts to develop lifelong learning indicators (OECD, EU, etc.) UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

17. …but selecting and developing indicators are not easy • Lifelong learning a ‘new’ area at operational level • Fast and constant changes in technology and skills requirements • Existing data inadequate • One-size fits all not applicable UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

18. LLL Indicators: an Approach • To assess the readiness of a national education and training system to tackle the challenges of lifelong learning • Conventional indicators of learning • Core indicators directly related to the lifelong learning framework (both qualitative and quantitative) UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

19. Core LLL Indicators UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea

20. Conclusions: Main Messages • Align system around learner needs/incentives • Raise quality by changing content (core skills), pedagogy and recognition system • Develop variety of financing mechanisms: equitable, affordable, sustainable, market-based • Articulate cross-Ministerial, lifelong learning strategy while building diverse partnerships UNESCO-KRIVET Seminar on Lifelong Leanring, Seoul, Korea