Exam 1

1. Exam 1 • A week from Tuesday (Tue 16 Oct) • 6-8pm in Chemistry (not in Psych auditorium) • Meredith’s sections in 1400 Chemistry • Everyone else in 1800 Chemistry • Will cover: • Lectures 1-9 (up to and including this Thu) • Textbook: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 • Articles: Kohler, Sacks, McCloskey, Kosslyn • Review sheet is posted on coursetools (look under Resources)

2. Observer Perspective • Another distortion in visuospatial processing • People tend to subjectively stretch area around them and shrink other areas • Report distance from familiar place to unfamiliar place to be longer than reverse • E.g., Perspective from NYC

3. Visual Imagery

4. Lecture Outline Issues: (a) Perception vs. imagery (b) Depictive vs. propositional code (c) Compromise theory 1. Perception and imagery 1.1. Depictive and propositional codes 1.2. Imagery phenomena: scanning, zooming, transforming 2. Theory of mental imagery 2.1. Differences between imagery & perception 2.2. Compromise theory

5. Propositional vs. Depictive • Propositional • The globe is on the desk • ON (GLOBE, DESK) • Depictive

6. has white hair George Washington has has wooden teeth thin lips Propositional vs. Depictive • Issue: Is the representation that underlies imagery propositional or depictive? Propositional: Depictive:

7. Auditory Detection Visual Detection Auditory imagery Visual imagery Interference (None) Interference (None) Interference effects Perform two tasks simultaneously, if they interfere then they must require the same mental system.

8. Kosslyn: Image Scanning

9. Kosslyn: Image Scanning

10. Demand Characteristics? • Perhaps subjects think you want them to act like they’re scanning an image, so they act that way • Subjects infer the experimenter’s implicit demands • Or perhaps experimenters expect a certain set of results and this biases results • But get similar results when experimenters and subjects told that theory predicts scanning short distances takes longer

11. Image Zooming Far Near

12. Mental Rotation

13. Mental Rotation

14. Mental Rotation

15. Mental Rotation

16. Mental Rotation 127° 90° 45° Comparison

17. Intermediate Rotations

18. Imagery isn’t just like perception • Perception has metric qualities that images don’t • Example: Bisected rectangle with diagonal lines

19. 1" A B1 1" B2 Metric Qualities of Perception

20. Part-Whole Relationships • Quickly glance at this Star of David then look away

22. Part-Whole Relationships • Using imagery: Did it contain a parallelogram?

23. Part-Whole Relationships • Using perception: Does it contain a parallelogram?

24. Part-Whole Relationships • Using perception: Does it contain a parallelogram?

26. A Duck

27. Ambiguous Figures • That figure was actually ambiguous • Using imagery: What else could that figure have been?

28. Ambiguous Figures • Using perception: What else could that figure be?

29. has George Washington white hair has has wooden teeth thin lips Compromise Theory (Kosslyn) 1 - Basic code is propositional (for long term storage) 2 - Propositional code used to create depictive image 3 - Depictive image can be scanned, zoomed, etc. generate image

30. Dorsal Parietal Lobe Dorsal Visual Cortex Temporal Lobe Ventral Visual Imagery and Cortex

31. Memorize Grid Letters

32. Image Complexity

33. Ordered Image Construction

34. Ordered Image Construction

35. Ordered Image Construction

36. Imagery vs. Motor Control

37. Lecture Outline Issues: (a) Perception vs. imagery (b) Depictive vs. propositional code (c) Compromise theory 1. Perception and imagery 1.1. Depictive and propositional codes 1.2. Imagery phenomena: scanning, zooming, transforming 2. Theory of mental imagery 2.1. Differences between imagery & perception 2.2. Compromise theory

38. Next Time • Working Memory • Read pp. 181-196 in the textbook • Read article by Baddeley