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Respiration

Respiration. making ATP from energy-rich molecules. (CH 2 O) n + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O. oxidation of sugar, need to go as far towards CO 2 as possible in a controlled way. Basic flow. occurs in mitochondrion. Glycolysis. start with glucose. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. invest two ATP.

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Respiration

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  1. Respiration making ATP from energy-rich molecules

  2. (CH2O)n + O2 CO2 + H2O oxidation of sugar, need to go as far towards CO2 as possible in a controlled way

  3. Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion

  4. Glycolysis start with glucose 1 2 3 4 5 6 invest two ATP P 1 2 3 4 5 6 P split to make two PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) P 1 2 3 4 5 6 P

  5. Glycolysis NADH strip off an electron P 1 2 3 combine with a P… P 1 2 3 P ATP …and give it to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation) P 1 2 3 ATP rearrange and give up another P 1 2 3 pyruvate For both PGAL together we get 4-2 = 2 ATP and 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate

  6. Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion

  7. Anaerobic fermentation regenerating NAD+

  8. GLYCOLYSIS C6H12O6 ATP 2 energy input 2 NAD+ 2 ADP NADH 2 ATP 4 2 pyruvate energy output 2 ATP net LACTATE FORMATION electrons, hydrogen from NADH 2 lactate Fig. 8.9, p. 140

  9. GLYCOLYSIS C6H12O6 2 ATP 2 NAD+ energy input 2 ADP NADH 2 ATP 4 2 pyruvate energy output 2 ATP net ETHANOL FORMATION 2 H2O 2 CO2 2 acetaldehyde electrons, hydrogen from NADH Fig. 8.10, p. 141 2 ethanol

  10. Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion

  11. Aerobic respiration-step1 Strip off an electron, strip off a carbon Join with coenzyme A 1 2 3 NADH, CO2 CoA 1 2 Send Acetyl CoA to Krebs cycle acetyl CoA

  12. CoA 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aerobic respiration-step2 CoA 1 2 3 4 oxaloacetate citrate CO2 + NADH 1 2 3 4 5 transformations yielding FADH2, NADH, ATP CO2 + NADH 1 2 3 4 remember there are two pyruvate molecules from each glucose movie

  13. Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion

  14. At this point we haven’t made too many ATPs (4), but we have produced a total of 10 NADH and 2 FADH2

  15. Fig. 8.5b, p. 136 OUTER COMPARTMENT NADH acetyl-CoA NADH Krebs Cycle NADH ATP ATP 5 Oxygen accepts electrons, joins with H+ to form water. ATP ATP free oxygen ADP + Pi INNER COMPARTMENT 6 Following its gradients, H+ flows back into inner compartment, through ATP synthases. The flow drives ATP formation. Electron transport chain movie

  16. Basic flow final score: anaerobic = 2 ATP/glucose aerobic = 36 ATP/glucose occurs in mitochondrion movie

  17. Fig. 8.12, p. 143 FOOD complexcarbohydrates proteins fats glycogen simple sugars,e.g., glucose fatty acids glycerol amino acids glucose-6-phosphate NH3 carbonbackbones PGAL urea GLYCOLYSIS ATP pyruvate Acetyl-CoA KREBSCYCLE ATP CO2 NADH NADH,FADH2 many ATP CO2 ELECTRON TRANSPORTPHOSPHORYLATION O2

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