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Networking

Networking. Network Classification, by there: 3 The Rules they use to exchange data: Protocols. Protocols. Communication protocols are agreed sets of rules and procedures for computers to exchange information. Like humans agreeing to speak the same language during a conversation.

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Networking

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  1. Networking Network Classification, by there: 3 The Rules they use to exchange data: Protocols

  2. Protocols Communication protocols are agreed sets of rules and procedures for computers to exchange information. Like humans agreeing to speak the same language during a conversation. For two computers to exchange data, they must be using the same protocols.

  3. Protocols • There is a protocol for each network communication task, such as: • - how to send data over the Internet (TCP/IP) • - how to send and receive email (POP, IMAP) • - how to request and deliver web pages (HTTP) • how to request and deliver files (FTP) • Other common protocols: Appletakl, IPX/SPX, Netbui, All LAN protocols

  4. Protocols Sometimes there is more than one choice of protocol for a task, such as how messages pass across a network (IPX/SPX vs TCP/IP). As long as all the connected computers use the same protocol, it really does not matter which protocol is used. The internet only works because TCP/IP, POP, FTP and HTTP are universal standards.

  5. Protocols - Ethernet • Ethernet is a network standard allowing PCs to communicate in networks • Ethernet is based on bus and star networks & is inexpensive and easy to install and maintain • Ethernet uses cable to transmit data • Ethernet transfer rates: • originally 10 Mbps • Fast ethernet, 100 Mbps using twisted pair (Cat 5) • Gigabit ethernet 1000 Mbps

  6. Protocols – Token Ring • Token ring, a LAN technology • Requires network devices share or pass a special signal called a token • One token per network so only one computer can transmit data at a time • Token ring is based on a ring topology

  7. Protocols – TCP/IP The universal protocol for internet communications. The backbone of the internet. Is actually two complementary protocols… TCP (Transport Communication Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol)

  8. Internet Addressing Humans like working with names (e.g. www.microsoft.com) but computers use numbers (e.g. 10.77.91.19). That is an IP address – four ‘octets’ separated by dots, each octet can be between 0 and 255. All internet communications use IP addresses, not URLs.

  9. Addressing When you enter a URL your ISP looks up the URL in its DNS to see if it has the corresponding IP address. If it does have it, the server is located by IP address and the communication begins. If the IP address is not in your ISP’s DNS, the DNS asks another, bigger DNS. If that DNS does not have it, a “grand master” DNS server will be asked. If that fails, you get an error message saying the domain does not exist.

  10. Addressing The domain name server database stores the names and IP addresses of every internet domain on the planet. The database is distributed across thousands of computers across the planet but it acts as a single, massive database – it’s the biggest distributed database in the world.

  11. Addressing - URLs URL (Uniform Resource Locators) are made up of segments e.g. http://www.wedderburn-college.vic.edu.au http:// specifies the protocol for the request. www refers to the world wide web – made up of webservers, webpages and browsers. Wedderburn-college.vic.edu.au is the domain name.

  12. Other network Protocols • Apple File Protocol, (AFP) • Microsoft NetBios Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) • 802.11, wireless standards • Wireless communications 50mtrs to 300 mtrs • Hot spot, location where users can connect mobile computers to a wireless network • WAP, wireless application protocol; allowing wireless mobile devices to access internet & its services • Uses a client/server network; wireless device contains client software • WAP enabled devices, devices that support WAP, eg. web-enabled phones, etc.

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