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Chapter 18 Part 6

Chapter 18 Part 6. Austria Maria Theresa and Joseph II. Maria Theresa 1740-1780. NOT an Enlightened Despot Remember Charles VI and Pragmatic Sanction of 1713: The Great Powers agreed that the Hapsburg Empire would remain intact under his daughter’s rule. Maria Theresa. Took power in 1740

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Chapter 18 Part 6

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  1. Chapter 18Part 6 Austria Maria Theresa and Joseph II

  2. Maria Theresa 1740-1780 • NOT an Enlightened Despot • Remember Charles VI and Pragmatic Sanction of 1713: • The Great Powers agreed that the Hapsburg Empire would remain intact under his daughter’s rule

  3. Maria Theresa • Took power in 1740 • Official title: Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia • Her husband had the HRE title (Salic Law) • She was kind to the peasants and tried to encourage nobility to extend kindness to the peasants BUT she thought the Enlightenment was silliness

  4. Maria Theresa • War of the Austrian Succession: lost Silesia • Seven Years’ War: Lost Silesia • BUT was helped by the Hungarian nobility in defeating a Bohemian revolt • She DID work to centralize the empire • And limited the power of the nobility

  5. Maria Theresa • Did more to help the condition of the serfs than any other ruler in European history to that time • Only her son, Joseph II did more • She DID come to the aid of the peasnts in the 1770’s when disease and famine were widespread

  6. Limited the Power of the Nobles • Reduced their power over serfs • Some serfs were partially freed • Feudal dues paid by peasants were reduced or eliminated • Nobles were taxed

  7. Maria Theresa’s Reforms: • Remember …she was NOT an enlightened despot • Increased the size of the army from 30, 000 to 100,000 + • Improved the tax system • Reduced conflicts between provinces within the empire • Reduced the use of torture in legal proceedings

  8. Maria Theresa took control of the Church in Austria • Tried to reduce the Pope’s influence in Austria • Suppressed the Jesuits…other monarchs as well. Showed the power of the state over the Church • Taxed the Church in Austria • She believed that the Church and the Nobility were the foundations of the state

  9. Maria Theresa and economic development • Hoped that giving serfs SOME freedom would make them more productive • Abolished Guilds • Abolished internal customs duties (internal tariffs) • Encouraged immigration • Improved transportation • Supported private enterprise

  10. BUT Maria Theresa NOT an Enlightened Despot • Was not a fan of the Enlightenment • Did not allow much Religious Toleration but some toleration for Protestants

  11. Joseph II 1780-1790 • Was coregent with his mother 1770-1780 • The Greatest of the Enlightened Despot but the least effective • Was a HUGE fan of the Enlightenment and its emphasis on reforms • A firm believer in Absolutism

  12. Major Reforms of Joseph II • Abolished Serfdom in 1781 • Nobles resisted • Was opposed by many peasants because they had to pay their obligations to the lord in cash rather than in labor. They had very little cash • This was rescinded after his death • His brother, Leopold II, needed the nobles’ support

  13. More Reforms • Freedom of religion and civic rights to Protestants and Jews • Reduced the influence of the Church • The Edict on Idle Institutions: suppressed monasteries that did nothing to serve the people

  14. Joseph II: Reforms • A large amount of freedom of the press • Reformed the judicial system and tried to make it equal for all citizens • Abolished torture • Ended the death penalty • Expanded state schools • Established hospitals, insane asylums, poor houses, orphanages

  15. Joseph II: Reforms • State provided food and medicine for the poor • Parks and gardens were made available to the public • Made German the official language in the area in order to assimilate minorities

  16. Problems of Joseph II • Several defeats by the Ottoman Empire • Austrian Netherlands were in revolt • Russia was threatening Austria in the east and in the Balkans • Leopold II was forced to reverse many of Joseph’s reforms in order to maintain control of the empire

  17. Don’t Forget • The first Partitions of Poland in 1772 • Again, Later, 1793 and 1795

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