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Mr Baril

Mr Baril. NC History. What is the Industrial Revolution?. Around the turn of the century (1800) some new inventions and practices were beginning to revolutionize the way people worked and lived their lives.

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Mr Baril

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  1. Mr Baril NC History

  2. What is the Industrial Revolution? • Around the turn of the century (1800) some new inventions and practices were beginning to revolutionize the way people worked and lived their lives. • Advances in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transport and technology dramatically changed the way people lived and saw the world.

  3. When was the Industrial Revolution? • The industrial revolution began in the mid-to-late 1700’s (1780-1790) • The effects of much of the revolution were not really felt by everyone until the 1830’s or even later. • Some countries began developing earlier, or developed faster or with more enthusiasm than others did. • The revolution began in Britain, but it wasn’t long before its effects began transforming America too.

  4. Power Supply • For many years, mills would provide water power to work textiles (cloth and clothes) – wool has several processes it must go through that require a lot of work to achieve. • Combing, worsting, fulling. • Water is not always a reliable source of power, or may not provide enough power to work efficiently. • Hiring more people can be costly and inefficient. • Space, labor costs. Also you’re stuck by the water source. • Can we make a machine to do some of this work?

  5. Steam Power • James Watt patents the Steam Engine – a machine that supplies power by steam.

  6. Advantages of Steam Power • We’re not stuck next to the water. • Keep close to your supply lines, distribution centers. • We don’t have to deal with inconstant water supply. • We can supply exactly the power we want. • The machine can perform the repetitive tasks very well. • Machines are faster than people, and more consistent in their work. • Machines never get hungry, sick, or tired. They don’t haggle or argue or complain.

  7. Textiles • The steam engine was first put to real use in the Textile Mills, producing cloth (wool). Machines in the first factories produced more cloth for less money than the old way. • Eli Whitney creates the Cotton Gin – a machine that separates seeds from cotton. Now cotton can be cleaned and spun by machine, allowing workers to be out in the fields more, which means we can plant more cotton. • Cotton plantations become big money in the Southern USA.

  8. Mining • Steam engines need fuel to burn. • Coal burns hotter and longer than timber, so coal mining becomes important in Britain, France, Germany, Western Virginia and Pennsylvania.

  9. Forging • Use of Coal also had an effect on refining metal. • Quality of Iron and Steel improved with Coal and new furnace designs and techniques. Iron began to be used in many structures, buildings, bridges etc of the period. • Better metal work makes better (more efficient & powerful) steam engines.

  10. Locomotion • Hey, what happens when we slap this engine onto a couple wheels? • Salamanca is the first steam locomotive to travel on rails in history. (1812)

  11. Locomotion in America • Tom Thumb is the first locomotive used in America. (1830) • Raced a horse with a cart as a publicity stunt. • It was winning before a belt broke and the engine lost power. • Railroads would revolutionize both America and Europe before the end of the 1800’s.

  12. Railroads change the world? • Trains can haul huge loads long distances quickly (especially in the 1800’s) – consider this: • A horse can run 30-35MPH top speed. • Horses need food, water and rest. • They can only maintain top speed for a mile or two. • A train in the 1800’s can travel 40-60 MPH for up to 500 miles without stopping. That same train could carry 100s of passengers or tons of cargo to distant areas – sometimes both! • A trip that would take days or weeks could now just take hours.

  13. Factories & Railways – Social Effects • Rails & Factories began to make cities more important than ever, and more people flocked to them to make their living. • Factories concentrate supplies, workers, and finished materials all in one location. • People begin to follow the cycle of the punch-clock, rather than sunrise/sunset. • Manufactured goods are produced faster, cheaper, and can reach more people faster than ever before.

  14. Assignment: • Get into pairs. • Think of an invention (that we haven’t mentioned) from the past that changed the world *BEFORE THE COMPUTER*. Describe how that invention changed the world. • Now think of an invention *AFTER THE COMPUTER*. How did this change the world. • Put your thinking cap on and come up with the next big invention that will change the world for your kids. How will it make our lives different?

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