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Accelerated Nutrition Transition in Iran

Accelerated Nutrition Transition in Iran. Hossein Ghassemi, Gail Harrison, and Kazem Mohammad. Population and Urbanization Trends in Iran, 1955-1995. 1955 1975 1995 Total population 19 million 34 million 60 million

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Accelerated Nutrition Transition in Iran

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  1. Accelerated Nutrition Transition in Iran Hossein Ghassemi, Gail Harrison, and Kazem Mohammad

  2. Population and Urbanization Trends in Iran, 1955-1995 1955 1975 1995 Total population 19 million 34 million 60 million % urban 31% 47% 61% Number of urban centers 186 373 615

  3. Health Indicators Change Last 20 Yrs • Life Expectancy increased by 12 years • Infant mortality rate decreased 77% • <5 child mortality rate decreased by 84%

  4. Social Indicators • Adult literacy 75% (female 67.4%) • Youth literacy 93.2% • Primary school enrollment 90% (81.2% reach secondary school) • Student/teacher ratio 30 • University education - female and male enrollments equal

  5. Trends in the Human Development Index and Gross Domestic Product/Capita for Iran, 1975-1998 1975 1980 1985 1990 1998 Human Development 0.566 0.573 0.618 0.653 0.706 Index Gross Domestic Product/Per capita 1511 1129 1208 1056 1275 (US $1995)

  6. Prevalence of Stunting, Underweight, Wasting and Overweight among Children 2-5 YearsIran National Health Survey 1999 Urban (n=2588) Rural (n=1989) Stunted: Boys 20.0 29.3 Girls 27.6 29.2 Underweight: Boys 14.0 22.9 Girls 17.7 14.2 Wasted: Boys 9.5 12.3 Girls 11.3 12.0 Overweight: Boys 11.0 6.9 Girls 9.0 7.3

  7. Household Food Basket (Expenditure Data)for Rural and Urban Aras, 1985-1995(gm/capita/day) Food Group Urban Households Rural Households 1985 1995 1985 1995 Bread 355 435 561 332 Rice 104 107 86 100 Meat 138 65 50 58 Dairy products 182 153 164 203 Eggs 29 22 20 18 Fruits & vegetables 755 432 284 334 Fats & oils 32 33 18 32 Sugar 41 50 40 60

  8. Average Percent of Dietary Energy from FatIran (national) and Tehran Province, 1995 National 22% Urban 24% Rural 19% Tehran Province 29% Urban 30% Rural 26%

  9. Per Capita Food Consumption in Relation to FAO/WHO Recommended Levels, Iran 1995(Percent of Households) Nutrient <80% Rec. 80-90% Rec. 90-110% Rec. >120% Rec. (“Severely Insecure) (“Mildly Insecure) (“Secure”) (“Overconsumption”) Energy 11 9 25 43 Protein 8 7 19 55 Calcium 30 10 18 34 Vitamin A 46 5 10 34 Riboflavin 70 9 11 7

  10. Imbalances in Consumption Subsystem Child Underweight Vit A Def. Energy consumption (%) Deficient Overconsumption High 60 19 40 Medium 45 18 49 Low 30 19 46 National Average 51 20 43

  11. Prevalences (%) of Overweight and Obesity among Adults, Iran National Health Survey 1999 Urban Rural Overweight Obese Overweight Obese Women 15-39 yrs 24.5 12.3 18.5 6.9 40-60 yrs 38.9 27.9 31.3 15.6 70 yrs+ 30.4 15.6 21.6 6.7 Men 15-39 yrs 21.2 4.7 14.3 2.2 40-60 yrs 39.8 11.0 22.5 6.2 70 yrs+ 28.5 5.7 16.5 3.0

  12. Prevalence (%) of Total Serum Cholesterol >200 mg/dlIran National Health Survey, 1990 and 1999 Urban Rural 1990 1999 1990 1999 Men 15-39 yrs 24.0 21.8 22.7 19.3 40-69 yrs 40.2 39.9 36.4 31.9 70 yrs + 34.3 28.1 Women 15-39 yrs 26.0 26.2 26.8 20.6 40-69 yrs 47.8 48.5 41.2 38.7 70 yrs + 50.9 41.2

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