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Analyzing Jobs in the Tourism Sector

Analyzing Jobs in the Tourism Sector. Describing, analyzing and classifying jobs Job titles in tourism – a group of positions identical with respect to their significant tasks Involves analyzing the work performed, duties and tasks Task inventories for tourism jobs. Nesting Terminology.

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Analyzing Jobs in the Tourism Sector

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  1. Analyzing Jobs in the Tourism Sector • Describing, analyzing and classifying jobs • Job titles in tourism – a group of positions identical with respect to their significant tasks • Involves analyzing the work performed, duties and tasks • Task inventories for tourism jobs

  2. Nesting Terminology • Occupation (class of job) • Job (group of positions) • Position (tasks and duties) • Duty (large segment of work) • Task (discrete unit of work) • Competency (knowledge and skill) • Competency standard (specification)

  3. Food and Beverage Manager Restaurant Manager Head Waiter Restaurant Captain Waiter Hostess F&B Cashier Bar Tender Job Structure/Job Trees

  4. Jobs in the Tourism Sector:Occupational Divisions

  5. Jobs in the Tourism Sector:Occupational Divisions? • Concepts and statistics are immature • Based on Standard Industrial Classification categories (SIC) • For example the UK occupational divisions: • hotels and other tourist accommodation • Restaurants, cafes and snack bars • Public houses, bars, night clubs/licensed clubs • Travel agencies and tour operators • Libraries, museums and other cultural activities • Sports and other recreational activities • Self employed?

  6. The ISIC Approach to Occupational Divisions • International Standard Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC): HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS • Hotels, camp sites and short stay accommodation • Restaurants, bars and canteens TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMUNICATIONS • Land transport • Water transport • Air transport • Activities of travel agencies and tour operators

  7. The ISIC Approach • International Standard Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC): RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING ACTIVITIES • Entertainment (museums etc, sporting and other recreational activities)

  8. Occupational Divisions in Tourism Satellite Accounts • Hotels, campsites and other short stay accommodation • Restaurants, bars and canteens • Travel agents/packagers • Retail trade • Passenger transport • Cultural, attractions and entertainment • Sports facility operators

  9. Jobs in the Tourism Sector:Job Titles

  10. European Vocational Training Approach to Job Profiles Hotel Sector • General manager large hotel (190 rooms+) • General manager medium hotel (45-190 rooms) • General manager small hotel (less than 45 rooms) • Front office manager • Receptionist • Head housekeeper • Room attendant

  11. Europe Job Profiles continued Catering Sector • Food and beverage manager • Head chef • Restaurant manager • Head bar person • Chef • Bar person • Waiter/waitress

  12. Europe Job Profiles continued Tours and Agencies Sector • General manager (tour operation) • Technical manager (tour operation) • Marketing product manager (tour operation) • Reservations supervisor (tour operation) • Resort representative • Agency manager (retail) • Agency counter clerk (retail)

  13. South Asian Study Job Profiles Tours and Agencies Sector • Travel agency assistant • Travel agency reservation clerk • Travel agency counter clerk • Travel agency operations assistant • Tour operations assistant • Tour operations representative • Tour operations clerk • Tour operations assistant organizer

  14. South Asian Study continued Hotel Sector • Front desk clerk • Receptionist • Room attendant • Room maid • House maid

  15. South Asian Study continued Catering Sector • Waiter/waitress • Assistant waiter/waitress • Commis waiter/waitress • Assistant cook • Commis cook • Assistant pastry cook • Commis pastry cook • Baker’s assistant • Assistant baker

  16. New entrant Junior ticketing clerk Reservations clerk Ticketing clerk Resort representative Courier Guide Reservations supervisor Ticketing supervisor Contracts officer Senior resort representative Reservation manager Ticketing manager Contracts manager Resort manager Operations manager Association of British Travel Agents Study Approach: Tour Operation

  17. Travel Agency New entrant Junior travel clerk Travel consultant Senior travel consultant Supervisor Assistant branch manger Manager Branch manager Business Travel Travel consultant Senior travel consultant Travel executive Assistant manager Manager Branch manager Association of British Travel Agents Study Approach: Tour Operation

  18. Jobs in the Tourism Sector:Competencies, Standards and Certification

  19. The Australian Approach • Internationally competitive workforce • Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) • Built around Training Packages which specify the competencies • Industry led • Nationally coordinated National Training Framework

  20. Tourism Training Australia (TTA) • Leading national industry training advisory association • Established 1982 to create an integrated flexible and effective training system for tourism and hospitality

  21. TTA Training Packages • Nationally endorsed competency standards and qualifications for recognizing and assessing people’s skills • Training package describes the skills and knowledge needed to reform effectively in the workplace • Widespread consultation with the tourism and hospitality sector • Available for all jobs in the sector

  22. National Qualification Framework (NQF) • The NQF reflects all jobs on the sector • Six levels • Certificate I to IV • Diploma • Advanced diploma • Each qualification has a core and a series of electives

  23. Tourism Training Australia Competency Standards • Specific knowledge and skills required for successful performance • Organized into units with a code and title • Each covers common competencies (e.g. communication) and sector specific competencies in • Hospitality • Tourism • Caravans

  24. Hospitality Common core Hospitality core Functional areas General units Tourism Common core Tourism core Functional areas General units Tourism and Hospitality Competencies

  25. The ASEAN Approach • The 11th meeting of the ASEAN taskforce on tourism manpower tabled a set of minimum competency standards within a qualifications framework. • Retail and wholesale travel; • Housekeeping; • Front office; and • Food and beverage service

  26. ASEAN Job Framework:For Example - Housekeeping • Houseman • Laundry attendant • Room attendant • Order taker • Supervisor • Assistant executive housekeeper • Executive housekeeper

  27. Retail/ Wholesale Competency Standard (example from Indonesia)

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