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Auto Configuration and Mobility Options in IPv6

Auto Configuration and Mobility Options in IPv6. By: Hitu Malhotra and Sue Scheckermann. Why change from IPv4 to IPv6?. Need more addresses: 128-bit address space (4 times wider in bits than IPv4's 32-bit address space). Consideration to Realtimeness: Flowlabel mechanism Security

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Auto Configuration and Mobility Options in IPv6

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  1. Auto Configurationand Mobility Optionsin IPv6 By: Hitu Malhotra and Sue Scheckermann

  2. Why change from IPv4 to IPv6? • Need more addresses: 128-bit address space (4 times wider in bits than IPv4's 32-bit address space). • Consideration to Realtimeness: Flowlabel mechanism • Security • User friendly - “Plug and Play”

  3. User Friendliness • “PLUG AND PLAY” • literally to plug a node into an IPv6 network and have it configure to the network without human interference • Autoconfiguration • implementation of the “plug and play”

  4. Autoconfiguration • STATEFUL: • A server must maintain status information about each node and administer that stored data • STATELESS: • Mechanism allowing individual nodes to figure out what their IP configuration should be without a query to a server that has information about each node

  5. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • DHCP • Example of stateful autoconfiguration. • A client/server protocol where the client queries servers for configuration parameters. • Problems • administration of the list of IP’s • a server to keep track of addresses in use

  6. DHCPv6 • Combination of stateful and stateless autoconfiguration. • Solves the two problems in DCHP using two IPv6 capabilities: • Hosts may build a “link local address”. • Availability of a multicast.

  7. IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration • Steps taken by nodes: • Figures out own Link-Local Address • Verify Link-Local address to be unique • Determine what information is necessary for configuration • IP address and/or other configuration info • Determine where to get that information • Uses stateless or stateful to get information

  8. Router Advertisements • Next phase of autoconfiguration. • Routers advertise their availablity, various link and Internet parameters for configuration. • Two Flags indicate the type of autoconfiguration a node should use.

  9. Mobile Networking • Goals: • To allow IPv6 nodes to move from one IP subnet to another • Packets destined to a mobile node will reach when away from home subnet

  10. Micro to Macro Mobility • Micro-mobility • communicating from cell to cell (wireless phones) • Macro-mobility • movements of nodes from one network to another

  11. Home Network • A permanent address is assigned to mobile node • uses this home address like a permanent node when connected to home network • Home Agent • a router that maintains a record of current “binding” of mobile node and “tunnels” packets to “care-of address”

  12. Home Agent • Binding • record of mobile node’s care-of address and remaining lifetime of that association • Tunneling • path of packet while encapsulated (from home agent to care-of address) • Care-of Address • assigned by foreign network or agent

  13. Foreign Network • Mobile node listens for availability • agent advertisement • Mobile node attaches itself to Foreign Network • Assigns a care-of address to mobile node • may use DHCP to get one • OR specifies a Foreign Agent • Uses the same inbound address for all foreign nodes and distributes the packets • Sends a message to Home Agent

  14. Routing to a mobile node Home Agent Tunnel Foreign Agent Mobile Node HOST

  15. How is this different from IPv4? • Security • all packets must be authenticated • Routing • IPv4 routing based on network prefix • IPv6 Routing Header - loose source route

  16. Resources • RFC’s • request for comments • 2462, 2002 • IPv6 Clearly Explained by Pete Loshin

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