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IPv6 and WiBro Mobility: Address Space Challenges and Solutions

Explore the challenges of IPv4 depletion, the necessity of IPv6 adoption, and IPv6 mobility solutions in WiBro networks. Learn about subnet models, network architecture, and the transition to IPv6 for improved connectivity.

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IPv6 and WiBro Mobility: Address Space Challenges and Solutions

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  1. IPv6 and Mobility in WiBro Youn-Hee Han yhhan@kut.ac.kr Korea University of Technology and EducationInternet Computing Laboratory http://icl.kut.ac.kr

  2. Outline 2/30 • Recent Reports on IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Adoption • Web 2.0 and IPv6 • IPv6 over WiBro • IPv6 Mobility over WiBro • Proxy Mobile IPv6 • Conclusions & Discussion

  3. Recent Reports on IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Adoption 3/30

  4. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) 4/30

  5. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space 2008-05-10 2008-08-12 • IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)- 인터넷 할당 번호 관리기관 • RIR (Regional Internet Registry) • 대륙별인터넷 레지스트리 • APNIC: (Asia Pacific Network Information Center) 5/30 Report of “http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html”

  6. KT’s Plan on IPv6 Commercial Service 6/30

  7. Web 2.0 and IPv6 Internet Internet Global v4 address Global v4 address Access Concentrator Access Concentrator With NAT FTTH ADSL Private IPv4 address Global v4 address CPE With NAT CPE With NAT Private v4 address Private v4 address End Host End Host Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) 7/30 • Most conservative access model changes • introducing “Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN)”

  8. Web 2.0 and IPv6 8/30 • CGN looks v6 is not needed? • No. CGN has serious restrictions. • IPv6 is needed ! • Each customer can have only some “limited” numbers of sessions simultaneously. • “port number” is just 2bytes which means 64K • For example, if 2000 customer shares same Global IPv4 address (please note that this is just for example), only 25 or 30 so sessions can be used by each customer at the worst case. • Which means that:

  9. Web 2.0 and IPv6 Max 30 Connections Max 20 Connections Max 15 Connections Max 10 Connections Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) 9/30

  10. Web 2.0 and IPv6 Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) 10/30 • Examples of # of concurrent sessions • AJAX applications break behind NAT • Too many connections exhaust public IP port space

  11. IPv6 over WiBro 11/30

  12. IPv6 Link over WiBro Network Architecture • IPv6 & Network Model in WiBro/IEEE 802.16 IPv6 Protocol Suite(Neighbor) PSS 12/30

  13. IPv6 Link over WiBro Network Architecture • Components • PSS: Portable Subscriber Station, RAS: Radio Access Station • (Omniscient) ACR: Access Control Router • Knows about all PSSs and RASs attached to itself • Only one ACR at any PSS and RAS • the first hop access router of a PSS. • A transport connection always exists between PSS and ACR • PSS – RAS: IEEE 802.16 MAC connection • Connection ID • RAS – ACR: GRE Tunnel • All traffic go through an AR. • an PSS's on-link neighbor is only an AR. PSS 1 RAS 1 PSS 2 ACR 1 PSS 3 RAS 2 PSS 4 PSS 5 RAS 3 ACR 2 PSS 6 13/30

  14. Link Model IEEE 802.16 Link vs. IPv6 Link (Subnet) PSS1 PSS2 BS(RAS) AR(ACR) PSS3 IEEE 802.16 Link IPv6 Link (Subnet) From the viewpoint of IPv6 ND, BS is just link-level bridge. Unlike IEEE 802.11, however, IEEE 802.16 BS is always acting as the termination point for a communication by using Connection ID instead of MAC address 802.16 MAC Header 802.11 MAC Header Bytes: 2 2 6 6 6 2 6 Frame Duration Sequence IEEE 802.11 MAC Header Addr 1 Addr 2 Addr 3 Addr 4 Control ID Control Recipient Addr. Special Addr. Transmitter Addr. FromDS: Original Source Addr., ToDS: Final Destination Addr. 14/30

  15. Convergence Sub-layer Determination Ethernet CS/Bridging (fixed/nomadic WiMAX networks) IP CS/GRE Tunnel (cellular-style networks, e.g., WiBro) PSS 1 PSS 1 PSS 2 BS(RAS) AR(ACR) PSS 2 BS(RAS) AR(ACR) PSS 3 PSS 3 DATA Payload DATA Payload DATA Payload DATA Payload IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) GRE Header Ethernet Header(Source MAC, Destination MAC) Ethernet Header(Source MAC, Destination MAC) IPv4 or IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) Ethernet Header(Source MAC, Destination MAC) CS: Convergence Sub-layer 15/30

  16. Subnet Model Determination • IPv6 subnet models • Shared Prefix Model • One (or more) prefixes advertised on the link • No native on-link multicast is possible with this method. • However ACR can implement proxy mechanism • All PSSs send the packets to ACR irrespective of the destination • link local scope packets are relayed by ACR • WiMAX has chosen it. [RFC 4968, Aug. 2007] [RFC 5181, May 2008] PSS 1 IPv6 (Shared Prefix Model) L3 ACR GRE Tunnel L2 RAS Wireless Peer-to-Peer Connection PSS 2 GRE Tunnel L2 RAS L3 IPv6 (Shared Prefix Model) 16/30

  17. Subnet Model Determination • IPv6 subnet models • Point-to-point Link Model • the unique prefix per PSS • Only an ACR and a PSS belong to an IPv6 link. • Most IPv6 functionalities can be implemented without difficulty. • e.g., DAD might be needless • Suitable to Cellular-like model (e.g., WiBro) [RFC 4968, Aug. 2007] [RFC 5181, May 2008] PSS 1 IPv6 (Unique Prefix Model) L3 ACR GRE Tunnel L2 RAS Wireless Peer-to-Peer Connection PSS 2 GRE Tunnel L2 RAS L3 IPv6 (Unique Prefix Model) 17/30

  18. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Service • Router (ACR)/Prefix/Parameters Discovery • How to deliver Router information, Prefix, Link MTU to PSS? • Original • Unsolicited RA or RS/RA exchange in multicast manner • WiMAX/WiBro Approach • Unsolicited Unicast RA when PSS attaches to network • RS/RA exchange in unicast manner • Stateless Address Auto-configuration & DAD • Should we support “stateless auto-conf.” in WiBro? Yes. • How to DAD? • WiMAX/WiBro Approach • Relay DAD • Omniscient ACR knows about all PSSs’ addresses attached to itself • ACR may relay DAD messages to the destination 18/30

  19. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Service • Next-hop Determination & (Neighbor) Address Resolution • Next-hop Determination • Destination IPv6 Address → A Neighbor or A router? • Address Resolution • A Neighbor or A router → Link-layer Address (MAC) • WiMAX/WiBro Approach • ACR is the only neighbor for a PSS. So, it is simple • Neighbor Unreachability Detection • How to know whether a neighbor node is reachable? • How to DAD? • WiMAX/WiBro Approach • ACR is the only neighbor for a PSS. So, it is simple • We may do this from link-layer event notification • Redirect • ACR notifies a PSS of the better next-hop • WiMAX/WiBro Approach: No Use. 19/30

  20. IPv6 Mobility over WiBro 20/30

  21. PMIPv6 History • 3GPP, 3GPP2 and WiMAX operators have been showing their STRONG interests for network-based IP mobility solution • IETF NetLMM WG have standardized Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6, RFC 5213) 72th (08.07) DT: NetLMM Design Team RFC 5213 ongoing… 21/30

  22. PMIPv6 Overview LMA: Localized Mobility AgentMAG: Mobile Access Gateway IP Tunnel IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG LMA Home Network MN’s Home Network (Topological Anchor Point) MAG LMA Address (LMAA) That will be the tunnel entry-point LMM (Localized Mobility Management)Domain MAG movement Proxy Binding Update/Ack. (PBU/PBA) Control message sent by MAG to LMA to establish a binding between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP) CAFE:2:/64 MN’ Home Address (MN-HoA) MN continues to use it as long as it roams within a same domain Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA) The address of MAG That will be the tunnel end-point 22/30

  23. PMIPv6 Overview • Assumptions (or Restrictions) • Link between MN(PSS) and MAG is a point-to-point link (not shared link) • Logically exclusive layer 3 link between MN and MAG • Per-MN Prefix model • unique home network prefix is assigned to MN • Support both Steteless and Stateful address configuration modes AR(ACR)/MAG Point-to-point link Point-to-point link MN(PSS) . . . MN(PSS) Per-MN Prefix Per-MN Prefix 23/30

  24. PMIPv6 Operation Flow PBU: Proxy Binding UpdatePBA: Proxy Binding Ack. MN MAG/ACR AAA&Policy Store LMA CN MN Attachment AAA Query with MN-ID AAA Reply with Profile PBU with Proxy-CoA, MN-ID, Timestamp option Router Advertisement (Home Network Prefix) PBA with MN-ID, Home Network Prefix option Default GW & Address Configuration Tunnel Setup Optional DHCP Server DHCP Request DHCP Request DHCP Response DHCP Response [MN-HoA:CN](data) [Proxy-CoA:LMAA][MN-HoA:CN](data) [MN-HoA:CN](data) 24/30

  25. DNS LMA NMS IP Network AAA/Policy Store Internet E R E R ACR/MAG L2 Switch RAS PSS ACR ACR PMIPv6 over WiBro • Network Model in PMIPv6 over WiBro/IEEE 802.16 25/30

  26. PMIPv6 Implementation over WiBro • Protocol Stacks in PMIPv6 over WiBro/IEEE 802.16 AAA/Policy Server GRE Tunnel IP-in-IP Tunnel OperatorGW PSS RAS ACR/MAG LMA DATA Payload DATA Payload DATA Payload DATA Payload IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) GRE Header Ethernet Header(Source MAC, Destination MAC) IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) Ethernet Header(Source MAC, Destination MAC) Ethernet Header(Source MAC, Destination MAC) Data Packets Mobility Header PMIP6 Signaling IPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination IP) Ethernet Header(Source MAC, Destination MAC) 26/30

  27. PMIPv6 Protocol in WiBro Handover Procedure • PMIPv6 Handover Procedure over WiBro 27/30

  28. MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 • Testbed Setup over IEEE 802.11 • [MAG, LMA] • Debian 3.1, Linux Kernel 2.6.10 • [CN, MN] • Windows XP, SP2 • [VoD Streaming Software] • VLC media server • [IEEE 802.1x Authentication] • MD5/EAPoL + RADIUS MIPv6 Software Stacks on HA, MN : MIPL (Helsinki University of Technology) PMIPv6 Software Stacks on LMA, MAG : We have been implementing them since 2007 28/30

  29. MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 • Test Results (will be presented at MobiWorld 2008 conference) UDP Throughput of MIPv6 UDP Throughput of PMIPv6 29/30

  30. Conclusions • IPv4 is limited! • Web 2.0 & IPv6 • IPv6 Deployment in WiBro • IP CS • Point-to-Point Subnet Model • IPv6 Protocol Adaptation to WiBro • IPv6 Mobility in WiBro • PMIPv6 is recommended and its deployment is easy • PMIPv6 outperforms MIPv6 30/30

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