Notes: Animals

1. Notes: Animals

2. Animal Characteristics Heterotrophic – obtain food and energy by feeding Multicellular – made of many cells Eukaryotic – contain a nucleus Vertebrates – 5% of all animals Invertebrates – 95 % of all animals

3. Types of Animal tissues 4 Types Epithelial – skin Muscular - muscles Connective –blood and bone Nervous – nerve cells

4. Essential Animal Functions 1. Feeding • Herbivores - manatee • Carnivores – sharks, sea anemones • Omnivores • Detritivores – most bottom dwellers • Filter feeders – sponges, clams, oysters 2. Respiration • Take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. • Many inverterbrates do this by diffusion. • Complex animals use gills or lungs.

5. Animal Functions, cont’d. Circulation – how materials move around the animal. (diffusion or circulatory systems) Excretion – removal of waste. Could be cells that pump waste out or organs. Waste is ammonia Response – nerve cells. This could be a simple nerve net or complex nervous system. Movement – some animals are sessile – stay attached to something their adult life. Others are motile – move by muscles or muscle-like tissue. Reproduction – sexual or asexual. Many simple animals have the ability to do both.

6. Body Symmetry Asymmetrical – no body plan Ex. Sponges Radial symmetry – body parts repeat around the center. Ex. starfish Bilateral symmetry – body can be divided up into two equal halves (left and right) Ex. whale

7. Cephalization – concentration of the sense organs at the front end of an animal. Not all animals show this.