1. The Cold War Era Chapter 16

2. Looking For Peace And Justice • Remember the League of Nations?? • Was it effective? • No! • Did nothing to prevent WWII. • Yet there was still hope for an international organization that could promote peace in the world.

3. Creation of the United Nations • Delegates with 50 countries gathered in San Francisco on April 25, 1945 to develop the United Nations. • What is the the United Nations? • Organization of nations dedicated to work for peace and security and the betterment of humanity. What did the UN have that the League of Nations didn’t? The United States

4. What two World Powers are left after WWII?

5. Beginnings • Europe Post-WWII • Millions of people dead • Buildings destroyed • Governments weak • Broke • After WWII, the Soviets took over areas in Eastern Europe.

6. The “Cold War” • The US doesn’t want the Soviet Union spreading communism around the world. • The US and USSR engage in a “Cold War” • What kind of war is a “cold war”? What does “cold war” even mean?

7. Containment • What does the US do? • US adopts policy of CONTAINMENT? • Strategically tries to stop the Soviet Union from attempting to expand its influence (communism) • So what does the US do??

9. US gives money to countries to protect them from falling to communism. • Truman Doctrine: policy that the US will support “free people” financially $$$$ and politically. • Marshall Plan: US sent $12 billion over 4 years to recovering Europe – mostly Britain, France, & Germany. • Stopped Soviets from moving to Western Europe.

10. Berlin Airlift • US & Britain brought tons of food and supplies by plane to West Berlin for nearly a year • The Soviets had cut off all supplies from the east.

11. Who has Nuclear Weapons?

12. The Cold War in Asia • China  Korea  Vietnam • Communists in North Korea began invaded South Korea without the USSR’s knowledge. • UN troops under the US pulled out of the South. • The UN troops would then push north attacking the communists. • This got communist China in the conflict. • After fighting for 3 years, President Eisenhower hinted at using nuclear weapons. • Korean soon after signed a cease fire and re-established its boundaries. The Domino Effect

15. Fear of Communism • Sen. Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of state workers who were members of the Communist party or Soviet spies. • No real proof for any of his allegations. • McCarthy became very popular and his claims ruined people’s reputations.

16. The Arms race • Both the United States and the Soviet Union have nuclear weapons. • Competing for bigger, better weapons. • Spend TONS of money stocking up on weapons. • Did not use the weapons directly on each other.

17. The Race to Space • Unofficial competition between the Soviet Union and the United States to be the first to launch space craft. • Who won? • The Soviet Union! • Sputnik I • The first spacecraft to be placed in orbit.

18. Conflict with Cuba The US became suspicious of neighboring Cuba. Cuba claimed to not be communist. JFK sent troops to Bay of Pigs. Fearful of more attacks from the US, Cuba becomes more involved with the Soviet Union. Cuba gets money and military aid from Soviets.

19. Cuban Missile Crisis • US spy planes spot Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba. • Kennedy sends naval blockade to Cuba. • Stand off lasts 13 days • War is avoided • Soviets agree to pull their ships and missiles from Cuba • The US agrees to remove missiles from Turkey and not invade Cuba.