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Oxidation State Rules

Oxidation State Rules. Rule # 1 - Free Elements. The free element has an oxidation state = zero. H 2 O 2 Fe Mg C. Rule #2 - Compounds. Compounds have a total oxidation state = zero. Examples: NaCl = 0 CO 2 = 0. Rule #3 - Ions.

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Oxidation State Rules

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  1. Oxidation State Rules

  2. Rule # 1 - Free Elements • The free element has an oxidation state = zero. • H2 • O2 • Fe • Mg • C

  3. Rule #2 - Compounds • Compounds have a total oxidation state = zero. • Examples: • NaCl = 0 • CO2 = 0

  4. Rule #3 - Ions • Ions (polyatomic ions) have an oxidation state equal to the charge on the ion. • Examples: • NO2-1 • NO3-1 • SO3-2 • SO4-2 • PO4-3

  5. Rule #4 - Alkalai Metals • In compounds, Alkalai metals have an oxidation state = +1 • Na+1 • K+1 • Rb+1

  6. Rule #5 - Alkaline Earth Metals • In compounds, Alkaline Earth metals have an oxidation state = +2 • Ca+2 • Mg+2 • Ba+2

  7. Rule #6 - Hydrogen • In compounds, Hydrogen has an oxidation state = +1 • H+1

  8. Rule #7 - Fluorine • In compounds, Fluorine has an oxidation state = -1 • F-1

  9. Rule #8 - Oxygen • In compounds, Oxygen has an oxidation state = -2 • O-2

  10. Rule #9 – In Binary compounds, • Group 17 = -1 Ex. Cl-1 • Group 16 = -2 Ex. S-2 • Group 15 = -3 Ex. N-3

  11. Rules of Precedence • The rule higher in this list takes precedence or priority (ie. The rule with the lowest number in this list). • The element higher in the family takes precedence or priority (ie. The element with the lowest atomic number).

  12. Oxidation State Rules • Rule #1 – The free element has an oxidation state = zero. • Rule #2 – Compounds have a total oxidation state = zero. • Rule #3 – Ions (polyatomic ions) have an oxidation state equal to the charge on the ion. • Rule #4 – Alkalai metals have an oxidation state = +1 • Rule #5 – Alkaline Earth metals have an oxidation state = +2 • Rule #6 – Hydrogen in compounds has an oxidation state = +1 • Rule #7 – Fluorine has an oxidation state = -1 • Rule #8 – Oxygen has an oxidation state = -2 • Rule #9 – In binary compounds, • Group 17 = -1 Ex. Cl-1 • Group 16 = -2 Ex. S-2 • Group 15 = -3 Ex. N-3 • Rules of Precedence or Priority • The rule higher in this list takes precedence or priority. (ie. The rule with the lowest number in this list). • The element higher in the family takes precedence or priority. (ie. The element with the lowest atomic number).

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