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MAPPING THE RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY OF GREEN COMPUTING: A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY

MAPPING THE RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY OF GREEN COMPUTING: A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY. Research Scholar Research Supervisor M. Surulinathi Dr. R. Balasubramani. Introduction. Introduction Cont….

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MAPPING THE RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY OF GREEN COMPUTING: A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY

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  1. MAPPING THE RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY OF GREEN COMPUTING: A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY Research Scholar Research Supervisor M. Surulinathi Dr. R. Balasubramani

  2. Introduction

  3. Introduction Cont… By keeping this view in mind, the researcher intends to undertake the study on “Mapping the Research Productivity of Green Computing: A Scientometric Study”. This study attempts to analyse the performance of researcher working in the field of Green Computing in terms of growth rate, authorship pattern, scattering of articles in different sources, institution wise distribution and so on.

  4. CHAPTERIZATION Thethesis is divided into five chapters. • The first chapter presents the Introduction about Scientometrics and Green Computing. • The second chapter discusses the relatedReview of Literatureand its impact on the present research. • The third chapter describes the Research Design of the study. • The fourth chapter presents the detailed Data Analysis and Discussions. • The fifth chapter reports the findings, suggestions and Conclusion.

  5. Concept of Green Computing Green Computing is to use computers and related resources in eco friendly ways. Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as finding innovative ways of reducing resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste. Green Computing is an emerging applications in computing technology that can reduce energy consumption effectively, which leads to significant CO2 emission reduction.

  6. Concept of Bibliometrics and Scientometrics According to Prichard, “bibliometrics means the application of mathematics and statistical methods to books and other communication media". Nalimov and Mulchenko(1969) of USSR defined scientometrics as the quantitative methods which deals with the analysis of science viewed as an information process. Scientometrics is “the study of the measurement of scientific and technological progress” (Garfield, 1979).

  7. Sample Review Karpagam and S. Gopalakrishnan (2011)2have analysed the growth pattern of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology literature in India during 1990-2009 (20 years). The Scopus international multidisciplinary bibliographical database has been used to identify the Indian contributions on the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The study measures the performance based on several parameters, country annual growth rate, authorship pattern, collaborative index, collaborative coefficient, modified collaborative coefficient and subject profile. Further the study examines national publication output and impact in terms of average citations per paper, international collaboration output and share, contribution and impact of Indian Institutions and impact of Indian journals. Kademani et al. (2008)37 attempted to analyse the growth and development of Vacuum research in Nuclear Science and Technology, as reflected in publication output covered by International Nuclear Information System (INIS) database during 2002-2006. A total of 12027 papers were published in the field of vacuum science. United States topped the list with 1936 (16.10%) publications followed by Japan with 1770 (14.70%) publications. The highest number of publications (3276) were published in 2004. The average number of publications published per year were 2405.4. The highest number of publications were in 'Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields' with 2644 (21.98%) publications. The authorship of collaboration trend is towards multi-authored papers. The highly productive institutions were: Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (Japan) with 366 publications, University of Tokyo (Japan) with 274 publications, Hiroshima University (Japan) with 245 publications, Osaka University Japan (Japan) with 224 publications and Chinese Academy of Science (P-R-China) with 223 publications. The most preferred journals for publication were: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology-A with 857 papers, Physical Review -D with 765 papers, Journal of High Energy Physics with 500 papers, Thin Solid Films with 311 papers, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena with 309 papers, and AIP Conference Proceedings with 308 papers.

  8. Sample Review • Karpagam, R and S. Gopalakrishnan (2011).Mapping of nanoscience and nanotechnology research in india: A scientometric analysis, 1990-2009.Scientometrics, 89(2), 501-522. • Kademani, B S et al. (2008).Scientometricmapping of vacuum research in nuclear science & technology: a global perspective. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 114(1), 1-12.

  9. RESEARCH DESIGN: The Structure The major objectives: • To examine the growth of research productivity of Green Computing research during 1956- 2011. • To identify the Document type and Journal wise distribution of publications in Green Computing. • To determine the authorship pattern and the nature of collaboration and co-authorship pattern and determine the degree of collaboration in Green Computing research.

  10. Objectives • To identify the continental with country-wise distribution of publications. • To assess the Institution wise research concentration of Green Computing. • To identify the highly cited papers with Citation Map in the field of Green Computing. • To find out the historiography of Local Citation Scores and Global Citation Scores links for selective journals and authors. • To identify the authors and Institutions wise h-index, g-index and gh-index.

  11. HYPOTHESES Keeping the objectives stated above in view, the following hypotheses are formulated and tested with appropriate statistical tools: • The relative growth rate of total scientific publications show a progressive increase and the doubling time for publications reflects an increasing trend. • The journal source of publication of Green Computing research output absorbs the predominant place in comparison with other source of publications.

  12. HYPOTHESES • The distribution of Green Computing research output in journals and articles conform the implications of Bradford’s law. • The implication of Lotka’s law related with author productivity in Green Computing research output is scrutinized. • There has been an increasing trend in collaborative research during the study period.

  13. METHODOLOGY The required data was collected from Web of Science database for the period 1956-2011. It can be seen that nearly 3324 bibliographic records of contribution in field of Green Computing over the period of 56 years. The researcher applied the search strings “Green Computing or Green IT” that has used for the data extraction from the database of SCI, SSCI and A&HCI (totally fifty six years) to download the records based on the above strings.

  14. METHODOLOGY A total of 3324 records were downloaded and analyzed by using the Histcite , VOSviewer and Bibexcelsoftware applications as per the objectives of the study. Further based on citation per paper with Citation map, number of high quality papers, and relative quality index are also applied to find out the quality of the research output. It is analytical in nature with the suitable statistical tools applications in strengthening the empirical validity.

  15. OTHER TOOLS • Used by the Histcite software the researcher makes a graph map (called historiography) for the selected option of top forty records for related studies. Historiography is commonly defined as the "history of historical writing." • VOSviewer can be used to create maps based on network data. Maps are created using the VOS mapping technique and the VOS clustering technique.

  16. Bibexcel This software is designed to assist a user in analysing bibliographic data. The idea is to generate data files that can be imported to Excel, or any program that takes tabulated data records, for further processing.

  17. h-index The h-index is based on a list of publications ranked in descending orderby the Times Cited. The value of h is equal to the number of papers (N) in the list that have N or more citations.

  18. Others Journal Citation Report (IF) Citation Map Co-Author Network Map Free Mind Knowledge Map Citation Report

  19. LIMITATIONS This study makes a special attention only on the performance of research output in Green Computing reflected in Web of Science database. This study covers the period from 1956 to 2011 only.

  20. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS: On the field Year Wise Sharing of Publications From the below table, could clearly see that during the period 1956 - 2011 a total of 3324 publications were published. Before 1990, there is no regularity in publications in this area, but the researcher has got the data from the year of 1956 and taken for the analysis.

  21. Table 4.1 – Shows Year Wise Distribution of Publications

  22. 1991-2000

  23. 2001-2011

  24. The study also reveals all these 3324 publications have 414 TLCS and 44640 TGCS it shows that there is a healthy trend in citation is found among the Scientists belongs to Green Computing.

  25. Publications

  26. Citations

  27. Calculating the h-index Value Total Number of Publications : 3324 Total Citations : 44640 Average Citations : 13.43 h-index : 80

  28. Table 4.7 – Shows the Authorship Pattern

  29. Co-Author Visualizer Out of the total 3324 number of publications, author Cederbaum LS is high in number 34 and Global citation Scores 652 and more over he has published more than 600 papers in other discipline too (Source: Web of Science and Scopus 605) .

  30. Single Vs Multi Authors

  31. Degree of Collaboration To determine degree of collaboration in quantitative terms, the formula given by K. Subramanyam (1983) was used. Where C = Degree of collaboration NM = Number of multi authored papers NS = Number of single authored papers The formula is

  32. Table 4.12 – Shows Rate of Citation of Indian Authors

  33. Table 4.13 – Shows Continent Wise Research output of Green Computing

  34. Table 4.20 – Shows h-index and g-index for Top 10 Countries

  35. Table 4.21 – Shows Language wise distribution of Publications

  36. Table 4.22 – Shows Bibliographic Form-Wise Distribution of Publications

  37. Table 4.26 – Shows Impact Factor and Immediacy Index for First 20 Journals

  38. Table 4.28 – Shows h-index for First 30 Institutions

  39. Indian Institute

  40. Figure 4.4 – Shows Word wise Distribution of Publications (Words: 6404)

  41. Figure 4.7 – Shows VOSViewer Screenshot of the Cluster Density View

  42. Citation Map of Lebowitz et al., Out of the total 3324 number of publications, author leborwitz, JL is much less in number 2 but Global citation Scores 454 and single paper received 407 citations. The average citation per article of Leborwitz is 227

  43. Citation Map of PS Thenkabail, RB Smith and E De Pauw Out of the total 3324 number of publications, author Thenkabail PS is much less in number 2 but Global citation Scores 277 and single paper received 234 citations. The average citation per article is 138.5 in the field of Green Computing

  44. Historiographs Analysis of Highly Cited Papers

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