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The Texas Weighted Caseload Study. Developing Evidence-Based Caseload Guidelines for Effective Court-Appointed Representation. Indigent Defense in Texas. 48 th in per-capita spending Counties pay over 80% of cost Attorneys are not adequately compensated for defense quality.
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The Texas Weighted Caseload Study Developing Evidence-Based Caseload Guidelines for Effective Court-Appointed Representation
Indigent Defense in Texas • 48th in per-capita spending • Counties pay over 80% of cost • Attorneys are not adequately compensated for defense quality
Indigent Defense in Texas • How widespread is the problem? • Harris County, 2012: • Top 10% averaged 632 appointments • 32 attorneys received more than 400 cases • One attorney took 952 cases • 45% of felony cases were represented by attorneys with caseloads >150 clients
Indigent Defense in Texas A lawyer with an “S” on his chest for Superman couldn’t represent these people. - Professor Norman Lefstein
House Bill 1318 Not later than January 1, 2012, the Texas Indigent Defense Commission shall conduct and publish a study for the purpose of determining guidelines for establishing a maximum allowable caseload for a criminal defense attorney that… allows the attorney to give each indigent defendant the time and effort necessary to ensure effective representation.
Public Policy Research InstituteTexas A&M University • Established by the Legislature in 1984 • Land grant philosophy -- Portal for policymakers to access university expertise • Original data collection; Survey research; Large database analysis; Qualitative methods • 30-40 projects/year; 15 state agency partners • Criminal justice, Education, Public health, Social services, Substance abuse
Public Policy Research Institute Impacts of the FDA on Texas Counties Public Defender Feasibility Study Mental Health Public Defender Direct Electronic Filing in Criminal Cases Regional Public Defender for Capital Cases Texas Weighted Caseload Study
TIDC Websites • Public Indigent Defense Data • County Reporting Website • Innocence Project Reporting Website
Essential Partners • Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association • State Bar of Texas • National Authorities • Experienced Public Defenders • Texas Defense Attorneys
Recruit Attorneys Largest Counties in each Administrative Judicial Region
Recruit Attorneys Largest Counties in each Administrative Judicial Region Strategy: Local TCDLA/ Criminal Defense Bar Associations
Recruit Attorneys All Trial-Level Public Defender Offices
Recruit Attorneys All Trial-Level Public Defender Offices Strategy: Direct Appeal to Chiefs
Recruit Attorneys 39 Counties with Population > 100,000
Recruit Attorneys 39 Counties with Population > 100,000 Strategy: Telephone Recruitment
Recruit Attorneys • Why telephone recruitment? • Balanced attorney enrollment
Recruit Attorneys Potential Sampling Frame
Recruit Attorneys • Why telephone recruitment? • Diverse counties • Do indigent defense policies impact attorney time and case quality?
Recruit Attorneys • Why telephone recruitment? • Assertive outreach and marketing • Increased sample size
Recruit Attorneys More participating attorneys Larger sample of cases More informative results re: effects of… • Attorney Characteristics • (e.g., experience or special qualifications) • Client Characteristics • (e.g., juvenile, criminal history, mental health concerns) • Case Factors • (e.g., client in custody, probation concerns, specialty court) • Defense Tactics • (e.g., use of experts, use of investigators)
Recruit Attorneys + Preliminary Approval for CLEs! Great Incentives…
Collect Attorney Time Data • Webinar training • Custom defenderData software by Justice Works • Attorneys keep time for 12 weeks
“Sufficiency of Time” Survey • Do attorneys feel they have sufficient time for essential activities and functions? • Where is practice acceptable? • Where is more time needed?
Delphi Process • Problems that cannot be precisely measured • Collective expert judgments • Questionnaires + Opinion Feedback
Public Policy Research Institute