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Section 4-2

Section 4-2. Objectives. Identify the interactions that occur within communities. Biotic and Abiotic Factors. This section begins by review biotic and abiotic factors… What is the difference between them? Identify the following: Bullfrog Precipitation Wind Mushrooms Bacteria

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Section 4-2

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  1. Section 4-2

  2. Objectives • Identify the interactions that occur within communities.

  3. Biotic and Abiotic Factors • This section begins by review biotic and abiotic factors… • What is the difference between them? • Identify the following: • Bullfrog • Precipitation • Wind • Mushrooms • Bacteria • Humidity • Amount of sunlight

  4. Review • What is the main source of energy here on Earth? • What is an autotroph? Example? • What would happen if all autotrophs were removed from a food web? • What is a heterotroph? Example? • Not all organisms use sun’s energy…what is chemosynthesis? • What is a herbivore?

  5. Review • What is a carnivore? • Herbivore or carnivore, what are humans? • What is a detritivore? • What do we call a multiple complex food chains intertwined in an ecosystem? • What is a trophic level?

  6. Review • As we go from one trophic level to the next, how much energy is passed? • What would happen to the population of small fish is big fish were eliminated? • Zooplankton?

  7. Community Interactions • Competition – organisms attempt to use the same resource at the same time. • Predation – one organism feeds on another. • Symbiosis – two organisms live closely together.

  8. Symbiotic Relationships • Mutualism: • Commensalism:

  9. Symbiotic relationships • Parasitism:

  10. Objectives • Identify the interactions that occur within communities.

  11. Videos!!! #3 #1 #2

  12. Other Examples • 1. The bee and the flower. Bees fly from flower to flower gathering nectar, which they make into food, benefiting the bees. When they land in a flower, the bees get some pollen on their hairy bodies, and when they land in the next flower, some of the pollen from the first one rubs off, pollinating the plant. This benefits the plants. In this symbiotic relationship, the bees get to eat, and the flowering plants get to reproduce. • 2. A familiar wildlife scene in Africa is that of oxpeckers running over the backs of hippopotami and rhinoceroses. These birds rid their partners of injurious and annoying pests and in doing so obtain a ready supply of food.

  13. Other Examples • 3. The bacteria and the human. A certain kind of bacteria lives in the intestines of humans and many other animals. The human can not digest all of the food that it eats. The bacteria eat the food that the human can not digest and partially digest it, allowing the human to finish the job. The bacteria benefit by getting food, and the human benefits by being able to digest the food it eats. • 4. Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of the intestines of animals such as cows, pigs, and humans. They get food by eating the host's partly digested food, depriving the host of nutrients. • 5. Barnacles attach themselves to the body of whales, turtles, and other large marine organisms. The barnacle benefits by finding a habitat where nutrients are available. The presence of barnacle populations does not appear to hamper or enhance the survival of the animals carrying them.

  14. Limiting Factors • Take a look at this food web: • What would happen if this ecosystem went through a drought? • Limiting Factor – factor in an ecosystem that limits the growth of the ecosystem. • What are some other possible limiting factors?

  15. Carrying Capacity • Take a look at the population graph of deer: • Why doesn’t the population just keep increasing? • Carrying Capacity – largest number of individuals that an environment can support.

  16. Closure • Benchmark exam Tuesday 9/21! • 25-30 Multiple Choice Questions • “EOC Style” Questions • Purpose: To collect data on how we are doing with mastering the learning expectations to this point. • What Can You Study: • Flash Cards • Study Guide

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