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Exploring Stars and Galaxies: Understanding Constellations and Stellar Properties

This chapter delves into the fascinating world of stars and galaxies, focusing on key topics such as constellations, their movements, and the properties of stars. It explains 88 recognized constellations, the concepts of apparent vs. absolute magnitude, and the measurement of parallax to determine stellar distances. Readers will learn how Earth's motion alters our view of the night sky, including familiar constellations like Orion and the Big Dipper. Discover how star color relates to temperature and the vast distances in space, such as light-years and the nearest star, Proxima Centauri.

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Exploring Stars and Galaxies: Understanding Constellations and Stellar Properties

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 25 Section 1: Stars

  2. Stars and Galaxies Objectives • Discuss constellations • Understand the difference between apparent and absolute magnitudes • Describe parallax

  3. Constellations • Observed patterns of stars in the sky • 88 Constellations recognized by IAU • Appear to move, but it is Earth in motion • As Earth orbits the sun, we have different views of the stars • Summer/winter constellations • Circumpolar constellations surround the north pole and stay in view all year • Seem to move because of the rotation of Earth about its axis • Time lapse - Circumpolar stars around alertness tower – YouTube • Circumpolar Stars-Northern Autumn Sky - YouTube

  4. Some familiar constellations • Big Dipper (part of constellation Ursa Major) • Orion • Cassiopeia

  5. Star Properties • Magnitude – brightness of stars • Absolute magnitude – measure of the actual amount of light the star gives off • Apparent magnitude – measure of the amount of light received by Earth • Measurement • Parallax—measure of shift in position when object viewed from different positions • Use geometry to determine distance • Closer object has larger parallax • Light year – distance that light travels in one year • 9.5 trillion km • Nearest star Proxima Centauri is 40 trillion km away • 4.2 Light years

  6. Star Properties • Color of a star indicates its temperature • Hot is blue/white • Cold is red/orange

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