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Emergency Response in Health Sector

Learn about emergency management in the health sector, including terminology, roles, and operations. Understand the difference between emergency and disaster, and the importance of risk management. Gain knowledge on the services provided by the health sector during emergencies.

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Emergency Response in Health Sector

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  1. Emergency Response in Health Sector First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  2. Learning Objectives: At the end of the session, the participants will be able to: Define common terminologies in emergency management Relate Emergency Response in the Emergency Management Framework Describe Emergency Response Operation Explain the roles of the health sector in managing the risks during response operations Discuss the role of the Emergency Operation Center in managing the emergency First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  3. Define Emergency Differentiate Emergency from Disaster What is Emergency Response What is Emergency Management Define Health Sector Q & A First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  4. the process of responding to any type of emergency situations that can threaten the human and safety of the public • These are dealt with differently based on the type of emergency • The main aim of emergency response is to mitigate the effect of an emergency on human life and property Emergency Response First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  5. Emergency Management Framework Emergency/Disaster Response Preparedness Recovery First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Mitigation Prevention

  6. Emergency Management • building, utilizing and restoring capacities employed in addressing the actual threat to public health and safety • address all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and early recovery steps • Involves plans, structures and arrangements established to engage the normal endeavors of government, voluntary and private agencies in a comprehensive and coordinated way to respond to the whole spectrum of emergency needs. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  7. In Emergency Response there are two basic concerns to be addressed: Managing the risks Managing the incident First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  8. I. Managing the Risks First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  9. What are the Risks? People Properties Vulnerable Community Typhoon (Hazard) Environment Services Livelihood First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Risks

  10. Exercise 1: What will be the impacts or risks of typhoon to the community? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  11. 1. What are the risks? Exercise 1 Group the participants Group 1: List the risks to people Group 2: List the risks to properties Group 3: List the risks to environment Group 4: List the risks to services Group 5: List the risks to livelihood First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  12. injuries like wounds, fractures, • etc. • drowning • burns • disabilities • diseases • psychological disorder • displacement • deaths Risks to people : First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  13. damaged buildings and structures • damaged hospitals • damaged schools • damaged electric and telephone lines • destroyed houses • damaged transport vehicles • damaged bridges • damaged water sources and toilets Risks to properties : First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  14. disrupted health services • disrupted education • paralyzed transportation • bogged down communication • electrical brown outs or • power shortage • lack of water supply • lack of food supply Risks to services : First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  15. poor sanitation • air pollution • water contamination • poor sewage disposal • etc. Risks to environment : Risks to livelihood : First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman • closure of business • no work • loss of job

  16. Exercise 2 • What are your response actions to manage the 5 • categories of risks? • Who will be the people responsible for the response • actions? • What are the response services needed? • Who are the responsible response agencies? 2. Who will manage the risks? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  17. What are the services of the Health Sector in emergencies? • Casualty management (first aid, triage, transport, pre • hospital care, in-patient care, out-patient care) • Communicable disease control (surveillance, tracking, • treatment, prophylaxis, isolation and quarantine) • Management of the dead (Disaster victim identification) • Environmental health measures (water, sanitation, • environmental pollution) • Psychosocial services (Psychological First Aid, etc) • Health information (Provision of reports, updates, etc) • Management of health risks (risk assessment, • mitigation, communication, preparedness and response • leadership) First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  18. Q & A What is Health Sector? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  19. Definition: Health Sector • A part of the economy • dealing with health-related • issues in society • a division, or a collective aspect • of a geographical area, an • economy or a society dealing • with health-related issues First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  20. Exercise 3 • Revisit the Response agencies you have listed in Exercise 2 • Who are the members of • the Health Sector in Oman? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  21. Emergency Response Operation • Measures undertaken in responding to emergencies • Includes operationalization of appropriate emergency • management systems and procedures • Emergency Response Operation involves • responsibilities • management structures • resource and information management • SOPs • ERO focus on protecting life, property, essential services • delivery and the environment First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  22. 3. How will you manage the risks? Exercise 4-A: Scenario: A destructive flood struck City X, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager on the first 24 to 72 hours? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  23. Scenario: A destructive flood struck City X, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager after the first week? Exercise 4-B : First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  24. Scenario: A destructive flood struck City X, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager on the after one month? Exercise 4-C : First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  25. Scenario: A destructive flood struck City X, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager on the after three months? Exercise 4-D : First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  26. Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  27. Health Roles in Managing Risks First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  28. II. Managing the Incident (Emergency Operation Center) First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  29. What is an Emergency Operation Center? • What is the purpose of EOC? • What are the roles of EOC in Incident Management? Q & A First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  30. Emergency Operation Center • a place, activated for the duration of an emergency, within which personnel responsible for planning, organizing, acquiring and allocating resources and providing direction and control can focus these activities on responses to the emergency • Purpose of EOC: • to provide a place to manage the • health sector’s contribution to an • emergency First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  31. Roles of EOC Support site (ICP): logistical support and policy direction to site-level Use standard functions - Protect response personnel and resources Mobilize extra resources and coordinate Minimize loss of life, disability and suffering Protect public health Protect civil infrastructure, environmental and economic assets, including property Reduce economic losses First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  32. Policy Management Develops goals and objectives Communications Safety/ risk mgmt Management Support staff Liaison officer Operations Planning Logistics Administration Accomplishes Goals and objectives Supports Management and Operations Organizational Structure First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  33. Elements are both functional and structural • Policy • Management • Operations • Planning • Logistics • Administration First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  34. Draw personnel from appropriate agency operations • Policy group: Elected officials; chief medical officers; chairs of boards or board committees; legal advisors; chief executive, operating, administrative or financial officers; senior department heads • Management: Chief executive, operating or administrative officers; emergency program coordinators or planners; communications officers; safety officers; risk managers • Operations: Division and department heads with programmatic responsibility relevant to the emergency, who can work directly with the incident manager First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  35. Draw personnel from • Planning: program and emergency • planners; analysts; subject matter • experts • Logistics: staff from purchasing • departments; information technology • and systems support; human • resources officers • Administration: financial officers, accounts and contracts processing personnel; financial analysts; administrative assistants; clerks First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  36. Competent staff • An EOC needs skilled people • who will work together • Functional familiarity through • regular job • Oriented and trained to the • EOC role • Good team players First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  37. EOC preparedness plan • purpose of the plan • concept of operations, management structure, roles of personnel and how the components work together • Activation procedures and levels, and who has authority • Escalation and de-escalation plan • Call-out list and notification procedures • Procedures /SOPs (resources mobilization and allocation, etc.) • Communications • Information management First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  38. EOC preparedness plan • Checklists of the roles and responsibilities of EOC functions • Checklists of standard operating procedures • floor plan, with inventory and locations of equipment and supplies • Electronic information management processes (including a layout plan of phone, fax, data lines, cables, switches and outlets) • Communication resources and procedures, especially mobile phones and radios • Public information and warning processes First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  39. EOC preparedness plan • Procedures for engaging levels of government and/or a superior jurisdiction • Standard forms and instructions for documenting EOC activities • Maps of the area of the event • Guidelines for worker care and safety • agency and position responsible for maintaining and updating the plan • Training and exercise schedule to ensure staff and procedures are up-to-date. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  40. Physical attributes of an EOC Two primary considerations: • Location, including access, security, proximity to • partners • Facility, including size, amenities and configuration First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  41. Location • Is there an emergency management agency that could sponsor it? • Proximity to partners, stakeholders, donors and humanitarian agencies • Is some integration with the broader emergency management infrastructure of the jurisdiction possible. • Can the facility survive the hazards in the area? • Is it accessible in an emergency? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  42. Exercise 5: The destructive typhoon has hit the City X. Reports say That there are 2, 000 affected families, 500 injuries, 100 Deaths. The Head of MOH has ordered to establish an Emergency Operation Center near the disaster site. You have to convert the available space into EOC 2. Draw a schematic diagram or floor plan of your EOC First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  43. Facility • a dedicated, purpose-built Health EOC is relatively rare • except at the level of national governments • a dual or multi-purpose EOC, where the space is • routinely used for some other purpose is more common • If contemplating dual use space, consider: • convert and activate the space as an EOC in less than • one hour, • appropriate security measures can be put in place in the • same time • facility should meet the basic requirements of disaster • survivability and access • sufficient space for personnel and equipment required to • run it. • a mix of open and closed work space. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  44. Size and configuration • There are no standards except for staff safety • evaluate the scale of likely events • size depends on people depends on event size • make form follow function • Must provide space for: • core functions (management, operations, planning, logistics • and administration) • Policy group intermittently when required • A communications and message centre • Break-out/meeting rooms • Rest and eating areas • Storage • Media relations/public information. (may be off-site) First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  45. Useful considerations: • the EOC Director should be positioned so that they can • easily oversee operations. • Functions that are interdependent should be co- • located • Locate functions adjacent to any displays that pertain • to their activity • A separate, quiet meeting room for priority setting • discussions, management briefings, etc. • If a high volume of incoming communication is • anticipated, a separate message centre in the • communications room is desirable • All entrances and exits must be secure at all times. • Food and rest areas should be away from the main • area, and food handling practices and storage • facilities should meet the highest public health • standards First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  46. Building and resources: • If staff sleep on site, segregated sleeping facilities will be • required, along with enhanced facilities including water and • sewage systems • Heating, ventilation and air conditioning and emergency • power systems scaled for the extra burden of some crowding • heat-producing office equipment. • Furnishings may be fixed or movable, with movable, • ergonomically suitable furniture offering greater flexibility • The facility should support generous use of communications • technologies, • There should be a facility floor plan that identifies the • workstations and maps the wiring and equipment at each • station. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  47. Office equipment and supplies • office equipment and supplies should, to the extent possible, be identical to that which the assigned personnel normally use in their daily work. • Where computers are used, there should be a back-up pen and paper system systems for documentation and reference, in the event of a system failure. • Information displays, if electronic or projected, should be backed up by manual systems (flipcharts, whiteboards) • Information is the lifeblood of an EOC. Use all the possible display space. • At least one television and radio tuned to the local media First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  48. Redundancy • have back-up plans for technological failures within the EOC • have an alternate site for the EOC itself, in the event that circumstances make the designated facility uninhabitable. • the alternate site may not fully satisfy all the requirements • rely on moving some of the equipment, along with personnel from the primary site. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  49. At the end of the session, the participants will be able to: Define common terminologies in emergency management Relate emergency Response in the Emergency Management Framework Describe Emergency Response Operation Enhance their awareness on the roles of the health sector during response operations Learning Objectives: First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

  50. “An effective emergency management will prevent the escalation of the incident into a disaster” First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

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