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Emergency Response

Emergency Response. Matt Novinger Oct. 1, 2008. Crisis Informatics. The study of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) before, during and after a disaster. How is it used, how is it not used. How do first responders make use of it to help victims and recovery.

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Emergency Response

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  1. Emergency Response Matt Novinger Oct. 1, 2008

  2. Crisis Informatics • The study of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) before, during and after a disaster. • How is it used, how is it not used. • How do first responders make use of it to help victims and recovery. • How do the victims of disasters use ICT during and after a disaster and what are they not able to use.

  3. The RESCUE Disaster Portal for Disasters and Emergency Response • Who is RESCUE? • What is this system • Web based • Developed in collaboration with city of Ontario, CA • Multiple, semiautonomous components

  4. Features • Situation Summary • Announcements / Map annotations • Shelter Information • Family Reunification • Donation Management • Press Notifications

  5. Design Pluggable applications Shared across applications

  6. Crisis Alerting • Takes a “starting event”, matches it against a rule engine (or “policy engine”) • Based on the output of the rule engine it formats a message for dissemination and chooses the recipients • Messages can be sent over several mediums • Can also send “post disaster customized alert messages”

  7. Family Reunification • Allows the posting of and searching for information on missing persons • Also attempts to leverage RESCUE project research in text searching to look for information on missing persons outside of application • Has potential to support approximate keyword queries • Michael Smith, Michael Smyth, Michael Smth

  8. P2P Web Server • The authors postulate that during an emergency a web server with critical information on it could be overloaded with requests. • The web server (really technology) they created allows an over loaded web server to distribute its load to the clients trying to access it.

  9. P2P Web Server cont.

  10. P2P Web Server cont. • Also relies on a technique called “UDP Hole Punching” which uses a known intermediate server to allow two clients behind NATs to communicate with each other • Free trivia: NAT stands for Network Address Translation not Traversal

  11. Traffic Event Detection • Uses a live traffic freed from CalTrans to learn normal traffic pattern • Then detects abnormal peaks or lulls in traffic and reports it appropriately • Useful for planning evacuations and detecting events

  12. Internet Information Monitoring • Attempts to crawl pre-configured websites looked for information on an unfolding event. The given event is specified with key words. • Has a user interface to allow searching of information retrieved from web sites deemed relevant.

  13. Related Work - Sahana • Originally created after the 2004 tsunami that hit Sri Lanka by volunteer developers • Later expanded and generalized for use in any disaster • Currently maintained as an open source product freely available. • Has seen much broader usage than the Disaster Portal: Pakistan, Indonesia, Peru, Myanmar

  14. Sahana cont. • Has basically the same functionality the Disaster Portal, but lacks some of the advanced features like searching the web for information on missing persons and the flashback peer to peer web server. • Based on PHP and Perl, not Java • Arguably has seen wider use

  15. Better case study description • Analysis of how well parts of it worked • Larger study • What was this paper missing? • Thoughts on the system its self? • What about WebEOC • Were features included to use RESCUE products rather than what users really needed • Was it a solution looking for a problem? They did not discuss any user/requirements research • Lots of liability concerns not addressed

  16. References • Ford, B., Srisuresh, P., Andkegel, D. Peer-to-peer communication across network address translators. In Proceedings of the 2005 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (Anaheim, CA, Apr. 2005). • Lickfett, J.,Ashish, N.,Mehrotra, S.,Venkatasubramanian, N., Green, J. (2008). The RESCUE Disaster Portal for Disasters and Emergency Response. In Proceedings of the 2008 ISCRAM Conference, Washington DC • Palen, L., Vieweg, S., Sutton, J., Liu, S. and Hughes, A. (2007). Crisis Informatics: Studying Crisis in a Networked World. Paper presented at the Third International Conference on e-Social Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, October 7-9, 2007. http://ess.si.umich.edu/papers/paper172.pdf. • Deshpande, M., Amit, A., Chang, M., Venkatasubramanian, N., and Mehrotra, S. (2007) Flashback: A Peer-to-Peer Webserver for Handling Flash Crowds IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). • "Sahana FOSS Disaster Management System." Wikipedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sahana_foss_disaster_management_system>. • De Silva, C., Raschid, L., Careem, M., De Silva, R. and Weerawarana, S. (2006). "Sahana: Overview of a Disaster Management System". 2nd International Conference on Information and Automation, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

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