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Limb Length/Girth/Volume Measurement

Limb Length/Girth/Volume Measurement. PHT 1261C Tests and Measurements Dr. Kane. Anthropometric Measurements. Definition – anthropometry What is it? Why is it important?. What do we measure?. What to measure?. Edema Localized swelling Joint effusion Muscular changes

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Limb Length/Girth/Volume Measurement

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  1. Limb Length/Girth/Volume Measurement PHT 1261C Tests and Measurements Dr. Kane

  2. Anthropometric Measurements • Definition – anthropometry • What is it? • Why is it important?

  3. What do we measure?

  4. What to measure? • Edema • Localized swelling • Joint effusion • Muscular changes • Asymmetry of body parts • Effects of surgical procedures

  5. Why measure? • Aids clinician in determining pt.'s impairments to provide the appropriate treatment • Provides baseline data information to monitor progress and outcomes • Provides feedback & motivation for patients • Aids in designing equipment and materials for special populations • Provides info in design of objects and spaces used by normal population

  6. What to measure with? • Tape Measure • Steel Tape • Volumeter • Anthropometer • Calipers • Perometry – infrared laser • Bioimpedence

  7. Measurement Tools

  8. Using the Tape Measure • Measure in cm • Place the tape measure flat on the body • The tape measure should be stretched out and not slack • If the segment to be measured is irregular or conical in shape, the proximal part of the tape should be flat • When measuring circumference, surround the body part without undue constricting pressure

  9. Limb Length Measurement • Indications • Upper Extremity • Arm • Forearm • Lower Extremity • Thigh/Femur • Leg

  10. Girth Measurements • Indications • Upper Extremity • Arm • Forearm • Lower Extremity • Thigh • Leg • Other areas • Hands, feet, waist, hips, head

  11. Leg Length Measurement • Indications • True (anatomical) vs. Apparent (functional) • A difference of 1.0 to 1.5 cm is still considered normal but may be symptomatic • Valid & Reliable • Sources of error – muscle bulk, clothing, palpation

  12. Leg Length Measurement • True Leg Length • ASIS • Medial Malleolus • Lateral Malleolus • Specific location of difference • ASIS to greater trochanter – hip valgus/varus • Greater trochanter to lateral joint line – femur • Medial joint line of knee to medial malleolus – tibia • Interpreting results

  13. Leg Length Measurement • Apparent Leg Length • Indications • Landmarks: • Umbilicus • Medial Malleolus • Interpretation

  14. True vs. Apparent Leg Length

  15. Common True LLD Etiologies • Common etiologies of true leg length discrepancies: • Idiopathic developmental abnormality • Fracture • Trauma to epiphyseal plate • Legg-Calve Perthes Disease • Malignancies • Infections

  16. Common etiologies of apparent leg length discrepancies: • Soft tissue shortening • Joint contractures • Ligamentous laxity • Foot mechanics • LBP • Scoliosis

  17. Indirect Method of Measuring Leg Length - done through palpation of bony landmarks such as the ASIS or the iliac crest - use of blocks of given thickness

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