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Enhancing Reproductive Efficiency in Livestock Management Practices

This comprehensive guide discusses critical management practices to enhance reproductive efficiency in livestock. Key topics include identification and control of estrus, using artificial insemination effectively, preventing embryonic loss, and managing transitional periods—before calving, during calving, and after calving. The effects of physiological, metabolic, and nutritional changes are explored, alongside essential monitoring approaches like body condition scoring. The guide also delves into reproductive challenges in sows, focusing on key metrics such as farrowing rates and litter size, while providing effective treatments for reproductive issues like anestrus and conception failures.

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Enhancing Reproductive Efficiency in Livestock Management Practices

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  1. Management for improving Reproductive efficiency ผศ.ชัยวัฒน์ จรัสแสง

  2. Causes of reproductive inefficiency • Estrus detection and control • Artificial insemination • Embryonic loss • Management at transitional periods

  3. Transitional period managements • Before calving 2-3 weeks • Calving period • Post-caving period 2-3 weeks

  4. Transitional periods • Physiological change • Metabolic change • Nutritional change

  5. Transitional periods monitoring • Body condition score management (BCS). • Negative energy balance (NEB). • Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia. • Rumen health. • Trace elements and antioxidant status.

  6. Dry cows 3.5-3.75 • Over condition scored> 4.0

  7. Prevention • ADE & Se injection before calving • BCS • Dystocia cares • NEB  propylene glycol • Calcium • Temperature care 7 days postpartum

  8. Reproductive efficiency in sow and gilt • Farrowing rate • Farrowing index • Conception rate • Non-productive or empty day • Piglet born per sow per year • Total number and number of born live

  9. Reproductive cycle • Gestation 115 days • Lactation 21-28 days • Interval from weaning to estrus 5 days • Total days per cycle 141-148 days Farrowing index = 2.5 -2.6

  10. Targets for reproductive efficiency • Litters/sow/year >2.3 • Farrowing rate > 85 % • Non-repeat rate >90 % • Liter size >11.5 • Born live >11 • Born dead <0.5 • Mummified <0.5

  11. Reproductive problem • Anestrus • Conception failure • Pregnancy failure

  12. Anestrus • Delay estrus • Weaning to estrus 4-6 days • Absence of estrus behavior • Subestrus - Boar estrus detection  accurate 98 % - Stimulate  20 minute per days

  13. Treatment of anestrus • True anestrus • 400 IU eCG and 200 IU hCG (PG600) • Estrus 87.6 %

  14. Conception failure • Return to estrus  18-24 days • Non-return rate >90 days • Return rate >10 %

  15. Factor in conception failure • Timing of service • 36-44 hrs after onset of standing heat • Spermatozoa 24 hrs • Second mating 18-24 hrs • Quality of service • Semen quality

  16. Pregnancy failure • Pre-attachment before 13-14 days • Embryonic days 14-35 • Fetal after 35 days • Failure of establish pregnancy • Failure of an established pregnancy

  17. Failure of establish pregnancy • Maternal recognized of pregnancy • Prevention • Decrease stress : mating to 7 days • Moving • Environments

  18. Failure of an established pregnancy • Infectious • Vaginal discharge • Embryonic death  re-absorption • Low litter size • Fetal death  mummified Viral infection

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