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North Atlantic Observing system

WP 4 highlights. North Atlantic Observing system. North Atlantic CarboOcean data. Are Olsen, BCCR. Bjerknes pCO 2 observing network. Johannessen/Olsen/Neill/Lauvset. Ingunn Skjelvan. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. Are Olsen. Abdir Omar. Seasonal air-sea CO 2 exchange in 2005.

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North Atlantic Observing system

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  1. WP 4 highlights North Atlantic Observing system

  2. North Atlantic CarboOcean data

  3. Are Olsen, BCCR Bjerknes pCO2 observing network Johannessen/Olsen/Neill/Lauvset Ingunn Skjelvan X X X X X X X X Are Olsen Abdir Omar

  4. Seasonal air-sea CO2 exchange in 2005 mmol m-2 d-1

  5. Winter fCO2 Trends in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre Corbière et al. (2007), Metzl et al., (2009)

  6. +6 µatm/yr +3 µatm/yr Warming Convection Evolution of oceanic and atmospheric CO2 in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre Corbière et al. (2007), Metzl et al., (2009)

  7. Advances in the quantification of air-sea CO2 flux require observations in undersampled area MN Colibri CARBOOCEAN: 2 VOS lines - France - French Guiana (MN Colibri) (14 voyages Feb 2006 to Mar 2009) - France - Brazil (Monte Olivia) (11 voyages July 2008 to March 2009) 2 PIRATA moorings 6oS, 10oW since 2006 8oN, 38oW since 2008 Monte Olivia Completed by national funding for conducting French cruises: - Africa to French Guiana - Eastern Equatorial Atlantic

  8. PIRATA MOORING Argos antenna Box for electronics Submarine part

  9. Time-series stations are needed to characterize natural variability and long-term trends of CO2 in the ocean.  Two new time-series stations set up in CARBOOCEAN (at 6oS, 10oW since June 2006 and at 8oN, 38oW since April 2008) with hourly measurements of surface fCO2 Atm level of CO2 • Some results: • Source of CO2 throughout the year • Unexpected decrease in June not well understood yet. DEC JAN

  10. Trends in the North Equatorial counter current(Vigo group)

  11. Thomas et al., 2008: model agrees with the trend of the data 1990s-2000s. Thomas, H, et al., Glob Biogeo Cyc., 22, GB4027, 2008

  12. Paper in submission to Science • Tracking the variable North Atlantic sink for atmospheric CO2 • By Andrew J. Watson1, Ute Schuster1, Dorothee C. E. Bakker1, Nicholas R. Bates2, • Antoine Corbière3, Melchor González-Dávila4, Tobias Friedrich5, Judith Hauck1,* • Christoph Heinze6, Truls Johannessen6,Arne Körtzinger5, Nicolas Metzl3, Jon Olafsson7, • Are Olsen6†, Andreas Oschlies5, X. Antonio Padin8, Benjamin Pfeil6, • J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano4, Tobias Steinhoff5, Maciej Telszewski1, Aida F. Rios8, • Douglas W. R. Wallace5, Rik Wanninkhof9. • 1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK, • 2. Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Ferry Reach, GE01, Bermuda, • 3. LOCEAN-IPSL, CNRS, Université P et M Curie, Case 100,4 Pl Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France • 4. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Faculty of Marine Science, Dept Chemistry, • Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain • 5. Leibniz Institut für Meereswissenschaften, D-24105 Kiel, Germany • 6. University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten • 55, N5007, Bergen, Norway • 7.  Marine Research Institute and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland • 8. CSIC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain • 9. NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological laboratory, Miami, Fl 33149, USA • Now at: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Postfach 12 01 61, 27515 • Bremerhaven, Germany • †Also at: Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden

  13. Abstract The oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Historically, observations have been too sparse to allow accurate tracking of changes in rates of CO2 uptake over ocean basins, so little is known about how these vary. Here we show observations indicating substantial variability in the CO2 uptake by the North Atlantic on time scales of a few years. Further, we use measurements from a co-ordinated network of instrumented commercial ships to define the annual flux into the N. Atlantic, for the year 2005, to a precision of about 10%. Thisapproach offers the prospect of accurately monitoring the changing ocean CO2 sink for those ocean basins that are well-covered by shipping routes.

  14. Acknowledgement: We thank Seatrade Reefer Chartering, Belgium, Geest Line Ltd, UK, Royal Arctic Line, Denmark, Royal Caribbean International, USA, Eimskip Company, Iceland, and Wallenius Lines, Sweden, as well as the captains, officers, and crew of all ships for support of our projects. We acknowledge funding from the European commission under CarboOcean (project 511176, GOCE), from ICCABA CTM2005-03893/MAR and CTM2006-27116-E/MAR in Spain, The Natural Environment Research Council’s CASIX and the National Centre for Earth Observation in the UK, and from Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers and Institut Paul Emile Victor in France.

  15. Paper to science

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