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The Colonial Period: 1620-1776

The Colonial Period: 1620-1776. “was it puritanism / or was it fish?” (Charles Olson, “Letter 10”) mercantile discovery of U.S. early modern trade New England settled by companies, charters “Massachusetts Bay” charter, Virginia Company, etc. Puritanism in New England.

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The Colonial Period: 1620-1776

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  1. The Colonial Period: 1620-1776 “was it puritanism / or was it fish?” (Charles Olson, “Letter 10”) mercantile discovery of U.S. early modern trade New England settled by companies, charters “Massachusetts Bay” charter, Virginia Company, etc.

  2. Puritanism in New England Puritanism 1. central ideology of Colonial period 2. endurance of Protestant spirit in modern period a. via work ethic Puritanism in England 1. 1543, Henry VIII & Church of England 2. Anglicanism & Protestant Reformation a. 1560's & 70's

  3. Literature & the arts 1. primarily instructive a. to reveal God's ways to man b. to inspire reform c. prohibition against elegance, form for form’s sake 2. the Jeremiad a. warning against backsliding b. interpreting "God's controversy w/New England” 3. sermons, histories, biographies, captivity narratives 4. importance of history & biography 5. typological interpretation 6. figural nature of life: Bradford a. compares Indians to Paul's Barbarians b. sees self as Moses without a Pisgah sight

  4. Puritan theology: basic tenets A. Calvin's God 1. separation of man & God 2. Nature as God's handiwork a. God not present in Nature B. Predestination or Election 1. God chooses certain souls to be saved a. damns all others 2. elect vs. "strangers“ a. elect: chosen by God b. strangers: not chosen

  5. Covenant Theology Puritans modeled on "chosen people" of Old Testament The Covenants 1. Works: (est. w/Adam) 2. Grace: (est. w/Abraham) a. based on faith, not works b. the Jews as Chosen people c. Grace sanctified by Christ 1) extended to all humankind

  6. Federal or Social Covenant 3. Federal or Social Covenant a. as individual saved by Grace 1) so community of Saints protected b. God's controversy w/New England 1) analogy to Biblical pact with Israelites c. covenant ratified if "errand" successful d. need for social cohesion e. example of American Exceptionalism

  7. Salvation and Verification Personal salvation 1. cornerstone of Christian life 2. necessity of study & introspection 3. role of logic & proof 4. Regeneration (est. w/Christ) a. being in state of Grace Verification 1. no verification possible 2. need to "read" world for signs 3. Bible provides types or models 4. material success as sign of

  8. Antinomianism Antinomianism as central heresy in Puritan society 1. view that Christians are by grace free from moral law 2. Anne Hutchinson as central figure in 3. strict reading of Grace 1. no "works" could assure one of salvation 2. "preparation" makes no difference 4. personal verification threat to civil order 1. no need of ritual, priest, books, church 5. as tendency in subsequent literature 1. "inner light" & self-reliance 6. John Winthrop as chief prosecutor of

  9. Dissension in Second Generation First generation of Puritans “visible saints”—convinced of God’s grace Second generation no longer guaranteed sainthood Salem Witch Trials 27 members convicted 50 “confessed”100 put in jail Antinomianism and Secularism among second generation settlers Dissension within Puritan community Decline in Church membership The “half-way covenant” (1662) offered sacraments to baptized members baptism but not communion

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