1 / 20

Linguistics

Linguistics. Deictics/Pronouns/Japanese Spring 2010. There’s me & there’s you. …& then there are you. How do we talk about you? Which one of you do we mean? Can we be nice to you? Does it matter who you are? How is ‘you’ realized?. Here you are – English 2 nd person. Steve

garin
Télécharger la présentation

Linguistics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Linguistics Deictics/Pronouns/Japanese Spring 2010

  2. There’s me & there’s you …& then there are you. • How do we talk about you? • Which one of you do we mean? • Can we be nice to you? • Does it matter who you are? • How is ‘you’ realized?

  3. Here you are – English 2nd person Steve Singular: Informal you Formal you Plural: Informal you Formal you

  4. Here you are again Steve All y’all Singular: Informal you _____ Formal you _____ Plural: Informal you _____ Formal you _____

  5. You – in the North Way NynorskBokmal Singular: Informal du du Formal De De Plural: Informal de dere Formal De De

  6. You – Iberian Style SpanishAm Span Singular: Informal tu tu/vos/usted Formal usted usted Plural: Informal vosotros/as ustedes vosotros/as Formal ustedes ustedes

  7. Arabic (No T-V distinction) StandardEgyptian Singular: Male أنتحضرتك Female أنت حضرتك inta/inti hadret-ak/-ik Plural: Male أنتم حضرتك Female أنتن حضرتك antum/ hadretkum antunna ‘antumaa’ = dual m/f

  8. Japanese 1st person 2nd p 3rd p Sg. Watashi Anata Kare/ Kanojo Pl. W-tachi A-tachi K-tachi • Thus, J is very easy & reasonable…

  9. Japanese – 1st p sg: morphs • ‘watashi’ 私 – わたし • Reduced from ‘watakushi’ 私 - わたくし • Often ‘reduced’ to: • ‘wadasu’ わだす (東北訛り - men) • ‘washi’ わし old men • ‘wai,wate,ate’ わい、わて、あて men • ‘wa’ わ (青森:m/f; 愛媛: 年配の男性/二人称) • ‘wan, wa-’ ワン、ワー (沖縄方言 -men) • ‘atashi’ あたし young women • ‘atai’ あたい women very informal

  10. Germanic ‘morphs’ • English I • Deutsch Ich • Dutch Ik • Dansk Jeg • Svensk Jag • Norsk Jeg/Eg • Icelandic Ég • Old English Ic

  11. English ‘reduced’ • Think of variations in the pronunciation of I.

  12. Meanwhile, in Japan: more of I • 我 われ ‘ware’ very formal • Duplicated  plural (casual) • 我が わが ‘waga’ very formal Means "my" or "our". Used in speeches and formalities; 我が社 wagasha (our company) or 我が国 wagakuni (our country).

  13. Meanwhile: I…part II • ‘ore’ 俺 (おれ) casual; male • Prev. m/f & 上下; now male & =/下 • ‘oira’ 俺ら (おいら) (北) male • ‘oi/oidon’ おい/おいどん (南九州) m • ‘ura’ うら (東海東山)m/f • ‘orecchi’ おれっち (pl sg) • ‘oryaa/oraa’ おりゃあ / おらぁ • …’-aa’

  14. III • ‘oryaa, oraa, bokaa, watashya, atashya, washyaa,’ • おりゃあ、おらぁ, ぼかぁ、わたしゃ、あたしゃ、わしゃあ • Chibi-mariko-chan (ちびまる子ちゃん)– apopular cartoon character’s speech • By extending the ‘aa’ or ‘ya’ sound, your 1st person sg mimics Chibimariko

  15. Deictic Flexibility & ミ • 1st person often used as 2ndWhat are we ‘pointing’ to? Cf. “I’ll come over” • ミー‘me,’ pronounced in a Japanese manner is not used in daily life but in fiction it might be used by a character with an international outlook. 最近では未成年の女子などが使用している。

  16. ミ,too • In the early ‘80s, a pro wrestler took on two stage personalities; in one he used ‘ore’ and in the other ‘me’ as his 1st person singular. (no word on the plural) 1980年代初頭に連載された梶原一騎「プロレススーパースター列伝」では、ブッチャーの一人称を、主人公となるブッチャー篇では「俺」、陽気な脇役であるタイガーマスク篇では「ミー」と使い分けている。

  17. More of me • ‘uchi’ 家 informal - young girls • ‘boku’ 僕 informal - m (rarely f) • ‘jibun’* 自分 athletics/2nd p. • ‘your name+diminutive’ - w/ children • ‘shoushoku’ 小職 - in business • ‘sensei’ 先生 - w/ teacher/doctor • ‘hongan’ 本官/- in court • ‘kochira’ こちら– in business dealings

  18. SgPl: choices • - 達 ‘-tachi’ informal. m/f • examples: 私達 ‘watashi-tachi’/ ‘watakushi-tachi’/ ‘atashi-tachi’ 僕達 ‘boku-tachi’ 俺達 ‘ore-tachi’ Also can be attached to names to indicate that person and the group (s)he is with (Ryuichi-tachi = Ryuichi and friends).

  19. Pronoun + plural • 共 ‘–domo’ humble –m/f • 私 共 ‘watashi-domo’ ‘watakushi-domo’ *‘washi-domo’ • 僕 共 *‘boku-domo’ • 俺 共 *’ore-domo’

  20. Pronoun + plural • 等 ‘–ra’ informal • Used with informal pronouns; often used with hostile language • 私 等 ‘watashi-ra’ *‘watakushi-ra’ ‘atashi-ra’(?) ‘washi-ra’ • 僕 等 ‘boku-ra’ • 俺 等 ‘ore-ra’

More Related