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Understanding Temperature and Heat: Key Differences and Energy Transfer

Temperature and heat, while related, are distinct concepts essential to understanding energy. Temperature indicates how hot or cold something is, measured in degrees Celsius (°C). In contrast, heat refers to the total thermal energy, measured in joules (J). For example, although a cup of tea at 80°C is hotter than a swimming pool at 30°C, the pool contains more thermal energy due to its larger volume of water. Understanding energy transfer and the Law of Conservation of Energy highlights that energy is never lost but transformed; useful energy transfers can be represented using Sankey diagrams.

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Understanding Temperature and Heat: Key Differences and Energy Transfer

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  1. Energy basics

  2. Temperature and Heat Temperature and heat are NOT THE SAME.

  3. Temperature How hot or cold it is. Measured in degrees Celsius.

  4. Heat The amount of thermal energy, measured in joules or J. A cup of hot tea has heat energy in the form of kinetic energyfrom its particles.

  5. A swimming pool at 30°C is at a lower temperature than a cup of tea at 80°C. BUT the swimming pool contains more water, so it stores more thermal energy or heat.

  6. The small beaker of water boils first The large beaker contains more water and needs more thermal energy or heat to reach 100°C.

  7. Chemical energy stored in it is transferred to the surroundings as thermal energy, sound energy and kinetic energy.

  8. Sound energy can be transferred to your eardrum as kinetic energy (movement energy).

  9. The battery transfers stored chemical energy as electrical energy. The electrical energy is transferred to the surroundings by the lamp as light energy and thermal energy (heat energy).

  10. Energy transfer

  11. The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy is always conserved, it is never "lost" or "wasted“. Some energy transfers are useful and some are not.

  12. Sankey diagrams

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